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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
- $C_nH_{2n}O_n$
- $C_nH_{2n}O_{n-1}$ (correct)
- $C_nH_{n+1}O_n$
- $C_nH_{n}O_n$
Which of the following is NOT a classification of carbohydrates based on sugar units?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of carbohydrates based on sugar units?
- Oligosaccharides
- Monosaccharides
- Polysaccharides
- Hexosaccharides (correct)
What type of sugar unit does fructose belong to?
What type of sugar unit does fructose belong to?
- Monosaccharide (correct)
- Polysaccharide
- Oligosaccharide
- Disaccharide
Which carbohydrate serves as a major energy storage form in animals?
Which carbohydrate serves as a major energy storage form in animals?
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Which of the following describes a ketose?
Which of the following describes a ketose?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Most abundant components produced by photosynthesis in plants
- Aldehyde or ketone derivatives
- General formula: $C_nH_{2n}O_n$
- Number of carbon atoms: 3
- Sources: bread, potatoes, milk, beans, corn, soft drinks
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Primary energy source
- Energy storage:
- Plants: starch
- Animals & Humans: glycogen (liver & muscles)
- Carbon supply for other compound synthesis
- Part of nucleic acids
- Form blood groups
- Biological role: hormones, enzymes
- Structural components in plants and animals
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Categorized by number of sugar units:
- Monosaccharides: single sugar unit
- Disaccharides: two monosaccharides
- Oligosaccharides: 3-10 sugar units
- Polysaccharides: more than 10 monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
- Classified by the number of carbon atoms:
- Triose (3)
- Tetrose (4)
- Pentose (5)
- Hexose (6)
- Heptose (7)
- Classified by the active group:
- Aldoses: carbonyl group at end of carbon chain
- Ketoses: carbonyl group in the middle of carbon chain
- Examples:
- Aldotriose: Glyceraldhyde
- Aldotetrose: Erythrose
- Aldopentose: Ribose
- Aldohexose: Glucose, Galactose
- Aldoheptose: Heptose
- Ketotriose: Dihydroxyacetone
- Ketotetrose: Erythrulose
- Ketopentrose: Ribulose
- Ketohexose: Fructose
- Ketoheptose: Heptulose
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