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Questions and Answers
What is the general formula for carbohydrates?
Which of the following is NOT a classification of carbohydrates based on sugar units?
What type of sugar unit does fructose belong to?
Which carbohydrate serves as a major energy storage form in animals?
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Which of the following describes a ketose?
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Study Notes
Carbohydrates
- Most abundant components produced by photosynthesis in plants
- Aldehyde or ketone derivatives
- General formula: $C_nH_{2n}O_n$
- Number of carbon atoms: 3
- Sources: bread, potatoes, milk, beans, corn, soft drinks
Importance of Carbohydrates
- Primary energy source
- Energy storage:
- Plants: starch
- Animals & Humans: glycogen (liver & muscles)
- Carbon supply for other compound synthesis
- Part of nucleic acids
- Form blood groups
- Biological role: hormones, enzymes
- Structural components in plants and animals
Classification of Carbohydrates
- Categorized by number of sugar units:
- Monosaccharides: single sugar unit
- Disaccharides: two monosaccharides
- Oligosaccharides: 3-10 sugar units
- Polysaccharides: more than 10 monosaccharides
Monosaccharides
- Classified by the number of carbon atoms:
- Triose (3)
- Tetrose (4)
- Pentose (5)
- Hexose (6)
- Heptose (7)
- Classified by the active group:
- Aldoses: carbonyl group at end of carbon chain
- Ketoses: carbonyl group in the middle of carbon chain
- Examples:
- Aldotriose: Glyceraldhyde
- Aldotetrose: Erythrose
- Aldopentose: Ribose
- Aldohexose: Glucose, Galactose
- Aldoheptose: Heptose
- Ketotriose: Dihydroxyacetone
- Ketotetrose: Erythrulose
- Ketopentrose: Ribulose
- Ketohexose: Fructose
- Ketoheptose: Heptulose
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Description
This quiz covers the essential topics related to carbohydrates, including their significance in energy production, storage, and structural roles in plants and animals. Additionally, it explores various types of carbohydrates, classified by sugar units and carbon atom counts. Test your knowledge on this vital biomolecule!
