COPY: Biomedical Sciences: Immune Disorders Overview

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What characterizes hypersensitivity reactions?

An overactive immune response causing tissue damage (correct)

An inappropriate reaction to self-antigens

Ineffective immune response to infections

A lack of immune response to antigens

Which of the following defines immunodeficiency?

An inappropriate response to foreign antigens

The body attacking its own cells

A failure of the immune system to function properly (correct)

An overreaction of the immune system

Autoimmunity can be defined as:

An excessive immune response to pathogens

A failure to produce antibodies

An inappropriate immune response directed against the body's own tissues (correct)

A strong immune reaction to vaccines

What is an important consequence of hypersensitivity reactions?

Gross tissue damage upon re-exposure to an antigen (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about autoimmune diseases is true?

They result from an inappropriate reaction to self-antigens (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hypersensitivity involves IgE-mediated reactions?

Type I hypersensitivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary cause of immunodeficiency disorders?

Genetic mutations or infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

How can autoimmune diseases manifest in the oral cavity?

Oral lesions or ulcers (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common allergic reaction for individuals with atopy?

Swollen red face after lidocaine (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of allergy can lead to type I anaphylaxis?

Latex allergy (A) Signup and view all the answers

What defines primary immunodeficiency (PID)?

An immune system failure due to congenital defects (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can cause secondary immunodeficiency (SID)?

Exposure to environmental toxins (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential risk associated with chlorhexidine in dental practice?

Fatality in rare cases (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary immune system issue faced by immunodeficient individuals?

Impaired response to infections (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which allergy is specifically associated with dental topical anaesthetics?

Benzocaine allergy (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Chronic fatigue (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary treatment for systemic anaphylaxis?

Adrenaline (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a classic example of a Type I hypersensitivity reaction?

Pollen allergy leading to hay fever (B) Signup and view all the answers

What action should NOT be taken when administering treatment for anaphylaxis?

Provide intravenous fluids first (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common trigger for allergic reactions?

Animal fur from cats and dogs (C) Signup and view all the answers

What type of reaction is hay fever considered?

Type I hypersensitivity (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment is commonly used for extrinsic asthma caused by allergens?

Bronchodilators (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of antihistamines in allergic reactions?

To block histamine receptors (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following treatment options should be prioritized for someone experiencing anaphylactic shock?

Immediate administration of adrenaline (D) Signup and view all the answers

What type of hypersensitivity reaction occurs due to exposure to certain foods?

Type I hypersensitivity (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is an indication that a patient is experiencing an anaphylactic reaction?

Abdominal pain and urticaria (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is a sign of anaphylactic shock?

Unconsciousness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of referring a patient to an Immunology or allergy clinic post-anaphylaxis?

To identify the cause of the reaction (D) Signup and view all the answers

What antibodies are involved in Type II hypersensitivity reactions?

IgG or IgM (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with an allergic reaction?

Blurred vision (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common physical response to anaphylaxis regarding heart rate?

Tachycardia (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an effective management strategy after an anaphylactic episode?

Identifying triggers through clinic referral (C) Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a Type II hypersensitivity reaction?

Antibody-mediated destruction of cells (C) Signup and view all the answers

In which timeframe does a Type II hypersensitivity reaction typically develop?

2-24 hours (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a sign of respiratory distress in an allergic reaction?

Difficulty breathing (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic feature of Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

Formation of immune complexes (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role do opsonins play in immune responses?

They promote phagocytosis (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which immune cells are primarily involved in the inflammatory response during Type III hypersensitivity?

Polymorphonuclear leukocytes (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is a potential consequence of systemic immune complex disease?

Serum sickness (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary mechanism through which immune complexes in Type III hypersensitivity cause damage?

Complement activation (C) Signup and view all the answers

What can occur when immune complexes lodge in small blood vessels?

Inflammation and tissue damage (A) Signup and view all the answers

What type of antibodies primarily participate in Type III hypersensitivity reactions?

IgG and IgM (C) Signup and view all the answers

What outcome is associated with chemotaxis in the context of hypersensitivity reactions?

Movement of cells toward a chemical stimulus (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes cell lysis?

Destruction of the cell membrane (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes autoimmunity in relation to transfusion reactions?

Incompatibility can lead to hemolytic reactions (D) Signup and view all the answers