37 Questions
Which material was the early choice for Intraocular Lenses (IOLs) due to its rigidity, minimal inflammatory reaction, and biocompatibility?
Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)
What is a limitation of standard hydrogel contact lenses made of Poly(2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate)?
Limited stability
What is the purpose of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs) in cataract surgery?
To replace the diseased lens
What led to the creation of hard contact lenses made from glass and later polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA)?
Evolution from Leonardo da Vinci's idea
What are the clinical complications of Intraocular Lenses (IOLs)?
Whitening, wrinkling contraction, and decentralization
What is the purpose of resorbable stents and vascular grafts in ophthalmologic applications?
To treat cardiovascular diseases
What are the material design criteria for contact lenses?
100% optical transparency, chemical stability, wettable, and low competitive manufacturing cost
Which type of materials are being developed to resist protein adsorption or microbial adhesion for potential applications in heart valves, hip joint prostheses, and diagnostic devices?
Anti-fouling polymeric coatings
What type of materials have self-cleansing and self-defending properties, such as thermo- or pH-responsive coatings, and surfaces covalently attached with antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides?
Active anti-fouling materials
What type of materials are being researched for their protein-resistant properties, including poly(ethyleneglycol) (PEGs) and surfactant absorbed on the surface?
Passive anti-fouling materials
What type of surface modification promotes binding of endothelial cells through an RGD-dependent mechanism?
Osteopontin on Poly(HEMA)
What type of surface modification inhibits macrophage activation in vitro and macrophage infiltration in vivo?
Surface modification with CD200 molecule
What type of topographical features on material surfaces affect cellular morphology, adhesion, migration, and differentiation?
Micro/nano-scale grooves
What is the ability of shape-memory polymers (SMPs) in response to external stimuli, such as heat, infrared radiation, or immersion in water?
Switch from a temporary to a permanent shape
What are being studied for their biocompatibility and structural compatibility in medical devices, as well as biomaterials for cardiovascular and ophthalmologic applications?
Biocompatible materials
What type of materials are being developed to resist protein adsorption or microbial adhesion, with potential applications in heart valves, hip joint prostheses, and diagnostic devices?
Anti-fouling polymeric coatings
What is biocompatibility defined as in the context of medical devices?
The material's ability to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application
What are the design criteria for replacement heart valves?
Non-thrombogenic, non-hemolytic, infection-resistant, chemically inert, durable, and easily inserted valves
What materials are utilized for heart valve components?
Pyrolytic carbon, cobalt-chrome, titanium alloy, Teflon, and Dacron
What are the common complications associated with endovascular stents?
Early thrombosis and late restenosis
What is the influence of the underlying pathology on the application of biomaterials in medical devices?
It determines the criteria for material design and selection
What are the materials used for completely resorbable stents?
PLLA and PLGA
What is crucial for avoiding poor functionality and pathological complications in the context of implantable medical devices?
Optimal matching of implants to host tissue in terms of mechanical and structural properties
Which of the following is NOT a type of application of biomaterials in medical devices mentioned in the lecture outline?
Diagnostic devices
What is the world-wide market for medical devices mentioned in the lecture?
$300 billion
According to the lecture, what is the FDA definition of a biomedical device?
All of the above
What is the purpose of resorbable stents and vascular grafts in ophthalmologic applications?
To promote endothelial cell binding
What are being studied for their biocompatibility and structural compatibility in medical devices, as well as biomaterials for cardiovascular and ophthalmologic applications?
Polymeric biomaterials
What type of materials have self-cleansing and self-defending properties, such as thermo- or pH-responsive coatings, and surfaces covalently attached with antibiotics or antimicrobial peptides?
Polymeric biomaterials
What are the materials used for completely resorbable stents?
Polymers
What is the FDA definition of a biomedical device?
An instrument, apparatus, machine, implant, in vitro reagent intended for diagnosis, cure, mitigation, treatment, or prevention of disease
What is the world-wide market size for medical devices?
Over $300 billion
Which of the following is NOT an application of biomaterials in medical devices?
Biodegradable packaging
What is a key consideration for biomaterials in medical devices?
Structural compatibility and mechanical durability
Which class of biomaterials is mentioned as emerging for medical devices?
Polymeric biomaterials
What type of applications are included in the lecture outline for biomaterials?
Cardiovascular, Ophthalmologic, Dental, Orthopedic
According to the lecture, what does a biomedical device achieve its primary intended purposes through?
Chemical action or being metabolized
Study Notes
Application of Biomaterials in Medical Devices
- Implantable medical devices in the USA have varying numbers of procedures and annual expenses, with costs per major procedure ranging from $0.8k to $45k, with manufacturers like Alcon, Abbott, and Boston Scientific.
- Biocompatibility of materials is crucial for medical device applications, with material properties dependent on the physiological environment and pathological conditions requiring the implant.
- Understanding material-tissue interaction is important for avoiding complications post-implantation of medical devices, with biocompatibility defined as the material's ability to perform with an appropriate host response in a specific application.
- Structural compatibility and mechanical durability of devices are essential, with optimal matching of implants to host tissue in terms of mechanical and structural properties crucial to avoid poor functionality and pathological complications.
- Application of biomaterials in medical devices is influenced by the underlying pathology of diseased conditions the device is designed to treat, with criteria for material design and selection playing a significant role.
- Biomaterials are utilized in cardiovascular applications such as heart valves and endovascular stents, with heart valve dysfunction including stenosis and regurgitation, and repair being preferred over replacement when possible.
- Design criteria for replacement heart valves include non-thrombogenic, non-hemolytic, infection-resistant, chemically inert, durable, and easily inserted valves, with common complications being thromboembolic complications, valve infection, and structural valve dysfunction.
- Artificial heart valve classifications include mechanical valves (caged-ball, tilting disk), bi-leaflet tilting disk, and bio-prosthetic valves (porcine, bovine), with materials for heart valve components including pyrolytic carbon, cobalt-chrome, titanium alloy, Teflon, and Dacron.
- Pathology of vascular diseases such as atherosclerosis can lead to complications like plaques blocking blood flow and vessel wall rupture, necessitating the use of endovascular stents and vascular grafts in medical devices.
- Materials for endovascular stents include bare metal stents, drug-eluting stents, and completely resorbable stents like PLLA and PLGA, with common complications being early thrombosis and late restenosis.
- Design criteria and material characteristics required for stents include biocompatibility, mechanical strength, and flexibility, to ensure optimal performance in vivo.
- The use of biomaterials in medical devices is critical for the development of safe and effective implantable devices, with a focus on biocompatibility, structural compatibility, and specific application requirements.
Test your knowledge of the application of biomaterials in medical devices with this quiz. Explore the importance of biocompatibility, material-tissue interaction, and design criteria for implantable devices such as heart valves and endovascular stents. Delve into the role of biomaterials in addressing pathological conditions and ensuring the safety and effectiveness of medical devices.
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