Biomarkers for Social and Affective Disorders

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Questions and Answers

What is the scientific study of how the real or imagined presence of other people influences an individual’s thoughts, feelings, and behaviors?

Social psychology

Why are sampling intervals of 15 minutes or longer chosen for collecting saliva samples in hormone studies?

Due to the time it takes for steroid hormones to transfer from blood into saliva and be cleared out again

What is the first step in assay calibration and quality control for hormone studies?

Putting the raw measurements in relation to the known concentrations of the calibrator samples to create a standard curve

What should the method description in hormone studies include?

The exact type and make of the assay, sample processing and assay protocol, and main quality control parameters Signup and view all the answers

Why is it recommended to examine hormone data distributions for skew and transform them if necessary?

To bring them closer to a normal distribution Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using statistical software in the processing of hormone assay data?

For mindful processing of hormone assay data Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Pituitary Gland?

The Pituitary Gland controls the activity of many other endocrine glands by producing hormones. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced by the Thyroid Gland and what is their function?

The Thyroid Gland produces thyroid hormones that regulate metabolism and growth. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the Parathyroid Glands?

The Parathyroid Glands produce parathyroid hormone, which helps to regulate calcium levels in the blood. Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main types of hormones produced by the Adrenal Glands?

The Adrenal Glands produce corticosteroids and catecholamines. Signup and view all the answers

Which hormones are produced by the Pancreas and what is their role?

The Pancreas produces insulin and glucagon to regulate blood sugar levels. Signup and view all the answers

What are sex hormones and which glands produce them?

Sex hormones such as testosterone and estrogen are produced by the Gonads. Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells do hormones affect?

Cells that have receptors for them Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of second messengers in hormone signaling?

Relay signals within cells Signup and view all the answers

How are most hormones regulated in the body?

By negative feedback loops Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of positive feedback loops in hormone regulation?

Stimulate its own secretion Signup and view all the answers

Give an example of a peptide hormone and state where it is produced.

ACTH, produced by the pituitary gland Signup and view all the answers

Name a steroid hormone and mention its source of production.

Testosterone, produced by the gonads Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The scientific study of how the real or imagined presence of other people influences an individual's thoughts, feelings, and behaviors is called social psychology.

Hormone Studies

Sampling intervals of 15 minutes or longer are chosen for collecting saliva samples in hormone studies because it allows for a representation of hormone levels over a longer period.
The first step in assay calibration and quality control for hormone studies is to prepare a calibration curve.
A method description in hormone studies should include information on the type of assay, detection limits, and precision.
Hormone data distributions should be examined for skew and transformed if necessary to ensure accurate statistical analysis.
Statistical software is used in the processing of hormone assay data to analyze and interpret results.
The Pituitary Gland produces hormones that regulate growth and development, and it also stimulates other endocrine glands to produce hormones.

Endocrine Glands and Hormones

The Thyroid Gland produces Thyroxine (T4) and Triiodothyronine (T3), which regulate metabolism and energy.
The Parathyroid Glands produce Parathyroid Hormone (PTH), which regulates calcium levels in the blood.
The Adrenal Glands produce Adrenaline (Epinephrine) and Noradrenaline (Norepinephrine), which regulate the body's response to stress.
The Pancreas produces Insulin and Glucagon, which regulate blood sugar levels.
Sex hormones, such as Estrogen and Testosterone, are produced by the Ovaries and Testes, and they regulate sexual development and reproduction.

Hormone Signaling and Regulation

Hormones affect target cells that have receptors specific to the hormone.
Second messengers, such as cyclic AMP, play a crucial role in hormone signaling by transmitting signals within the cell.
Most hormones are regulated through negative feedback loops, where high levels of the hormone inhibit its production.
Positive feedback loops, where high levels of the hormone stimulate its production, are rare but significant in certain processes, such as childbirth and lactation.
An example of a peptide hormone is Insulin, produced by the Pancreas.
An example of a steroid hormone is Testosterone, produced by the Testes.

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Description

Explore potential biomarkers for social and affective disorders while developing interventions to boost social interaction and emotional well-being. Learn about the role of hormones as chemical messengers in the endocrine system according to Nelson's 'An Introduction to Behavioral Endocrinology'.