Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of biomarker is used to assess a patient's potential response to a specific treatment?
Which type of biomarker is used to assess a patient's potential response to a specific treatment?
- Diagnostic marker
- Cancer biomarker
- Predictive marker (correct)
- Prognostic marker
A mutation in the $p53$ gene is an example of which type of biomarker?
A mutation in the $p53$ gene is an example of which type of biomarker?
- Prognostic marker (correct)
- Diagnostic marker
- Predictive marker
- Cancer biomarker
Which of the following best defines a cancer biomarker?
Which of the following best defines a cancer biomarker?
- A substance indicating the presence of cancer. (correct)
- A treatment that targets cancerous cells.
- A procedure to remove cancerous tissue.
- A genetic test to determine cancer risk.
Which of the following is an example of a diagnostic marker used in identifying lymphomas or leukemias?
Which of the following is an example of a diagnostic marker used in identifying lymphomas or leukemias?
What information do prognostic markers provide about a disease?
What information do prognostic markers provide about a disease?
In non-small cell lung cancer, mutations in which of the following genes can predict sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
In non-small cell lung cancer, mutations in which of the following genes can predict sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic typically assessed by prognostic markers?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic typically assessed by prognostic markers?
Which biomarker is commonly used in breast and gastric cancer diagnostics?
Which biomarker is commonly used in breast and gastric cancer diagnostics?
If a biomarker indicates whether a person has cancer or not, it is best described as a:
If a biomarker indicates whether a person has cancer or not, it is best described as a:
Flashcards
What are biomarkers?
What are biomarkers?
Measurable molecules that signal a biological or disease process, or a response to treatment.
What are cancer biomarkers?
What are cancer biomarkers?
Biomarkers that indicate the presence of cancer. They can be found in tumor cells, surrounding tissues, or bodily fluids.
Give examples of cancer biomarkers.
Give examples of cancer biomarkers.
Proteins, like HER2 and PSA, that are used to detect certain types of cancer.
What are diagnostic biomarkers?
What are diagnostic biomarkers?
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What are CD markers used for?
What are CD markers used for?
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What are prognostic biomarkers?
What are prognostic biomarkers?
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Give an example of a prognostic biomarker.
Give an example of a prognostic biomarker.
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What are predictive biomarkers?
What are predictive biomarkers?
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Give an example of a predictive biomarker.
Give an example of a predictive biomarker.
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Study Notes
Biomarkers in Pathology
- Biomarkers are measurable molecules that signal biological or pathological processes, or treatment response.
Cancer Biomarkers
- Cancer biomarkers indicate cancer presence.
- These may originate from tumor cells, surrounding tissue, or bodily fluids.
- Examples include proteins like HER2 (breast/gastric cancer) and PSA.
Diagnostic Biomarkers
- Diagnostic biomarkers identify diseases like cancer.
- They encompass molecules, genes, or proteins measured for disease confirmation.
- Example: CD markers (like CD20 for B-cell lymphomas) identify lymphomas or leukemias.
Prognostic Biomarkers
- Prognostic biomarkers predict disease outcome (e.g., cancer).
- They assess disease severity, progression rate, and survival probability, irrespective of treatment.
- Example: A p53 mutation indicates poor prognosis in many cancers.
Predictive Biomarkers in Oncology
- Predictive biomarkers determine treatment response.
- These encompass genes, proteins, or other molecules.
- Example: EGFR mutations predict sensitivity to tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small cell lung cancer.
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