Biology Unit Test 2 on Parkinson's Disease
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Questions and Answers

How might geneticists determine where the mutations that cause Parkinson's disease are located?

  • PCR analysis
  • STR analysis
  • DNA fingerprinting
  • Gene mapping (correct)

    • What is a difference between starch and glycogen?

  • Starch stores energy, and glycogen provides structural support.
  • Starch is a monomer, and glycogen is a polymer.
  • Starch is found in plants, and glycogen is found in animals. (correct)
  • Starch is composed of fructose, and glycogen is composed of glucose.

    • It is crucial that the process of mitosis is error free. Why is this important?

  • They can become cancer cells. (correct)
  • Otherwise healthy cells can grow into giant supercells.
  • They can undergo meiosis.
  • They can produce two identical cells.

    • How does interphase prepare cells for mitosis?

    <p>Growth of cell and replication of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can a person do to limit exposure to X-rays?

    <p>Wear a protective vest</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do phospholipids form a bilayer in water?

    <p>The phosphate portions attract water, and the lipid portions repel water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A DNA strand has the sequence GTTCCAGAG. What is the complementary strand of RNA?

    <p>CAAGGUCUC</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation causes a translation error that leads to cystic fibrosis?

    <p>Nonsense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is the primary site of protein synthesis?

    <p>Ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was Friedrich Miescher's contribution to the discovery of the genetic code?

    <p>He extracted and observed DNA from white blood cells.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If police use DNA samples only from the fathers, which type of DNA technology can they use?

    <p>Y-chromosome analysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is found in both DNA and protein?

    <p>Nitrogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What must occur for protein translation to begin?

    <p>A peptide bond must form between subunits of mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate can be used by the body as an immediate source of energy?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hypothesis would be useful for James to test regarding the lac operon of E. coli?

    <p>Addition of allolactose to the bacterial growth media should increase the speed at which the bacteria metabolize the sugar lactose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein will fight disease?

    <p>Antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would most likely happen if an error occurred when RNA was receiving coding information?

    <p>Proteins would be formed incorrectly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many genes make up the human genome?

    <p>20,000-25,000 genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would most likely happen if a person increased the amount of saturated fat in his or her diet?

    <p>The person's risk of cardiovascular disease would increase.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disorder is produced as a result of the final chromosomal change shown in the diagram?

    <p>Robertsonian translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the use of DDT as a pesticide relate to DNA technology?

    <p>Scientists should conduct long-term studies of DNA technology to determine the consequences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chromosomal defect is caused when part of a chromosome breaks off at either end and attaches to another chromosome?

    <p>Translocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential negative consequence of using genetically engineered medicine?

    <p>Gene markers that are resistant to antibiotics are used, providing the possibility for humans to have increased antibiotic resistance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of molecule that can be found in living things lacks carbon atoms?

    <p>Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is most likely the advice a doctor would give to a patient concerned about exposure to a small amount of radiation during an X-ray?

    <p>Small amounts of a mutagen often do not have an effect on health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Parkinson's Disease

    • Caused by mutations in genes coding for alpha-synuclein.
    • Symptoms include uncontrollable tremors, difficulty walking, and loss of coordination.
    • Geneticists can identify mutations using gene mapping.

    Starch vs. Glycogen

    • Starch is an energy storage molecule in plants.
    • Glycogen serves as an energy storage molecule in animals.
    • Starch is a polymer primarily made of glucose.

    Mitosis and Errors

    • Error-free mitosis is essential to prevent healthy cells from becoming cancerous.

    Interphase

    • Prepares cells for mitosis through cell growth and DNA replication.

    Limiting X-ray Exposure

    • Wearing a protective vest reduces exposure to X-rays.

    Phospholipid Bilayer Formation

    • Phospholipids form a bilayer in water due to hydrophilic phosphate portions attracting water and hydrophobic lipid portions repelling water.

    RNA Complementarity

    • The complementary RNA strand for the DNA sequence GTTCCAGAG is CAAGGUCUC.

    Cystic Fibrosis Mutations

    • Cystic fibrosis arises from mutations in the CFTR gene, with nonsense mutations causing premature translation termination.

    Protein Synthesis Site

    • Ribosomes are the primary sites of protein synthesis.

    Friedrich Miescher's Contribution

    • Extracted and observed DNA for the first time from white blood cells.

    Y-chromosome Analysis

    • Y-chromosome analysis can identify a boy's parent using only paternal DNA samples.

    Element in DNA and Protein

    • Nitrogen is found in both DNA and proteins.

    Initiation of Protein Translation

    • A peptide bond formation between mRNA subunits is required to begin translation.

    Immediate Energy Source

    • Glucose serves as an immediate energy source for the body.

    Lac Operon Hypothesis Testing

    • Adding allolactose to E. coli growth media increases the rate of lactose metabolism.

    Disease-fighting Proteins

    • Antibodies are the type of protein that combats diseases.

    RNA Coding Errors

    • Errors in RNA coding lead to incorrectly formed proteins.

    Human Genome Size

    • The human genome consists of approximately 20,000-25,000 genes.

    Diet and Cardiovascular Risk

    • An increase in saturated fat consumption raises the risk of cardiovascular disease.

    Chromosomal Changes and Disorders

    • Robertsonian translocation is a chromosomal defect caused by chromosome fragment attachment.

    DNA Technology and Consequences

    • Long-term studies of DNA technology are necessary to understand potential outcomes.

    Chromosomal Translocation

    • A translocation occurs when part of a chromosome breaks off and attaches to another chromosome.

    Genetically Engineered Medicine Risks

    • Use of antibiotic-resistant gene markers may lead to increased antibiotic resistance in humans.

    Molecules Lacking Carbon Atoms

    • Water is a biological molecule that does not contain carbon atoms.

    Radiation Exposure and Health

    • Small amounts of radiation from X-rays typically do not significantly impact health.

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    Description

    This quiz focuses on the genetic aspects of Parkinson's disease, including potential mutations and analytical techniques used for identifying these mutations. Test your knowledge on the genetics related to this brain disorder and the methods employed in research.

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