Parkinson's Disease Flashcards

Questions and Answers

Parkinson's is characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movement, known as _______.

bradykinesia

Many forms of secondary parkinsonism, known as _________ parkinsonism exist.

atypical

Parkinsonism can be seen after the use of _____ drugs, including amphetamine and methamphetamine.

illicit

Many changes found in the brains of people with PD may play a role in the development of the disease, including a lack of __________.

dopamine Signup and view all the answers

The neurotransmitter, __________ is essential for normal functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system.

dopamine Signup and view all the answers

Match the classic manifestations of Parkinson's Disease with their corresponding letters:

T = Tremor R = Rigidity A = Akinesia P = Postural Instability Signup and view all the answers

Tremors can affect handwriting, causing it to trail off, particularly towards the ______ of words.

end Signup and view all the answers

Parkinsonian tremors are more prominent at rest and are aggravated by __________ stress or increased concentration.

emotional Signup and view all the answers

The hand tremor is described as ' _' because the thumb and forefinger appear to move in a rotary fashion.

pill rolling Signup and view all the answers

Parkinsonian rigidity is typified by a jerky quality known as _______ rigidity.

cogwheel Signup and view all the answers

Bradykinesia, the slowness of movement, accounts for the stooped posture, masked face, drooling of saliva, and shuffling gait known as __________.

festination Signup and view all the answers

Patients may complain of being unable to stop themselves from going or ____.

forward, backward Signup and view all the answers

What is the Pull Test used for?

Assessment of postural instability Signup and view all the answers

As swallowing becomes more difficult, malnutrition or ________ may result.

aspiration Signup and view all the answers

Match the actions of antiparkinsonian drugs:

Enhance = The release or supply of dopamine Block = Overactive cholinergic neurons in the striatum Signup and view all the answers

Within 3-5 years of standard Parkinson's drug treatments, many patients experience episodes of ________.

hypomobility Signup and view all the answers

What is Deep Brain Stimulation?

A surgical treatment for Parkinson's Disease. Signup and view all the answers

_________ surgery involves targeting and destroying an area of the brain affected by Parkinson's.

Ablation Signup and view all the answers

Transplantation of ______ neural tissue into the basal ganglia aims to provide dopamine producing cells.

fetal Signup and view all the answers

Patients who have dysphagia and bradykinesia need appetizing foods that are easily and ____.

chewed, swallowed Signup and view all the answers

It is important to cut food into bite-sized pieces before it is served, and serve it on a warmed plate to preserve its _______.

appeal Signup and view all the answers

What is the priority nursing intervention for a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease?

Evaluating the home environment for safety Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Parkinson's Disease Overview

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
Characterized by bradykinesia, increased muscle tone, resting tremors, and gait disturbances.

Symptoms and Manifestations

Bradykinesia refers to slowness in movement initiation and execution.
Atypical parkinsonism can result from exposure to chemicals like carbon monoxide and manganese.
Illicit drug use, such as amphetamines, can lead to parkinsonism symptoms.
Lack of dopamine is a significant factor in the pathology of PD.
Dopamine is essential for the normal functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system, responsible for posture and voluntary movements.

Classic Symptoms Mnemonic: T.R.A.P

T - Tremor
R - Rigidity
A - Akinesia
P - Postural instability

Tremors and Rigidity

Hand tremors can resemble a "pill rolling" motion with thumb and forefinger.
Rigidity may present as cogwheel rigidity, characterized by jerky passive movements.
Tremors are prominent at rest and may worsen with emotional stress.

Postural Instability

Patients may struggle with postural stability, leading to episodes of hypomobility.
The Forward Pull Test assesses postural instability through balance evaluation.

Complications

Difficulty swallowing can lead to malnutrition or aspiration.
Patients may experience a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and difficulty stopping movement.

Treatment Options

Antiparkinsonian drugs enhance dopamine release or block cholinergic neuron activity.
Hypomobility often develops within 3-5 years of standard treatment.
Deep brain stimulation is a common surgical intervention for symptom management.
Ablation surgery targets and destroys problematic brain areas associated with PD symptoms.
Fetal neural tissue transplantation aims to provide dopamine-producing cells in the basal ganglia.

Dietary Considerations

Dysphagia and bradykinesia necessitate appetizing, easily chewed and swallowed foods.
To enhance food appeal, serving size and plate temperature are important considerations.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Parkinson's Disease with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as bradykinesia and atypical parkinsonism, along with their definitions and significance in the context of the disease. Perfect for students and anyone interested in neurology.