Podcast
Questions and Answers
Parkinson's is characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movement, known as _______.
Parkinson's is characterized by slowness in the initiation and execution of movement, known as _______.
bradykinesia
Many forms of secondary parkinsonism, known as _________ parkinsonism exist.
Many forms of secondary parkinsonism, known as _________ parkinsonism exist.
atypical
Parkinsonism can be seen after the use of _____ drugs, including amphetamine and methamphetamine.
Parkinsonism can be seen after the use of _____ drugs, including amphetamine and methamphetamine.
illicit
Many changes found in the brains of people with PD may play a role in the development of the disease, including a lack of __________.
Many changes found in the brains of people with PD may play a role in the development of the disease, including a lack of __________.
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The neurotransmitter, __________ is essential for normal functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system.
The neurotransmitter, __________ is essential for normal functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system.
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Match the classic manifestations of Parkinson's Disease with their corresponding letters:
Match the classic manifestations of Parkinson's Disease with their corresponding letters:
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Tremors can affect handwriting, causing it to trail off, particularly towards the ______ of words.
Tremors can affect handwriting, causing it to trail off, particularly towards the ______ of words.
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Parkinsonian tremors are more prominent at rest and are aggravated by __________ stress or increased concentration.
Parkinsonian tremors are more prominent at rest and are aggravated by __________ stress or increased concentration.
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The hand tremor is described as '______ _______' because the thumb and forefinger appear to move in a rotary fashion.
The hand tremor is described as '______ _______' because the thumb and forefinger appear to move in a rotary fashion.
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Parkinsonian rigidity is typified by a jerky quality known as _______ rigidity.
Parkinsonian rigidity is typified by a jerky quality known as _______ rigidity.
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Bradykinesia, the slowness of movement, accounts for the stooped posture, masked face, drooling of saliva, and shuffling gait known as __________.
Bradykinesia, the slowness of movement, accounts for the stooped posture, masked face, drooling of saliva, and shuffling gait known as __________.
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Patients may complain of being unable to stop themselves from going ________ or ____________.
Patients may complain of being unable to stop themselves from going ________ or ____________.
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What is the Pull Test used for?
What is the Pull Test used for?
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As swallowing becomes more difficult, malnutrition or ________ may result.
As swallowing becomes more difficult, malnutrition or ________ may result.
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Match the actions of antiparkinsonian drugs:
Match the actions of antiparkinsonian drugs:
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Within 3-5 years of standard Parkinson's drug treatments, many patients experience episodes of ________.
Within 3-5 years of standard Parkinson's drug treatments, many patients experience episodes of ________.
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What is Deep Brain Stimulation?
What is Deep Brain Stimulation?
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_________ surgery involves targeting and destroying an area of the brain affected by Parkinson's.
_________ surgery involves targeting and destroying an area of the brain affected by Parkinson's.
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Transplantation of ______ neural tissue into the basal ganglia aims to provide dopamine producing cells.
Transplantation of ______ neural tissue into the basal ganglia aims to provide dopamine producing cells.
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Patients who have dysphagia and bradykinesia need appetizing foods that are easily ________ and ____________.
Patients who have dysphagia and bradykinesia need appetizing foods that are easily ________ and ____________.
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It is important to cut food into bite-sized pieces before it is served, and serve it on a warmed plate to preserve its _______.
It is important to cut food into bite-sized pieces before it is served, and serve it on a warmed plate to preserve its _______.
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What is the priority nursing intervention for a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease?
What is the priority nursing intervention for a 65-year-old woman diagnosed with Parkinson's Disease?
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Study Notes
Parkinson's Disease Overview
- Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic, progressive neurodegenerative disorder.
- Characterized by bradykinesia, increased muscle tone, resting tremors, and gait disturbances.
Symptoms and Manifestations
- Bradykinesia refers to slowness in movement initiation and execution.
- Atypical parkinsonism can result from exposure to chemicals like carbon monoxide and manganese.
- Illicit drug use, such as amphetamines, can lead to parkinsonism symptoms.
- Lack of dopamine is a significant factor in the pathology of PD.
- Dopamine is essential for the normal functioning of the extrapyramidal motor system, responsible for posture and voluntary movements.
Classic Symptoms Mnemonic: T.R.A.P
- T - Tremor
- R - Rigidity
- A - Akinesia
- P - Postural instability
Tremors and Rigidity
- Hand tremors can resemble a "pill rolling" motion with thumb and forefinger.
- Rigidity may present as cogwheel rigidity, characterized by jerky passive movements.
- Tremors are prominent at rest and may worsen with emotional stress.
Postural Instability
- Patients may struggle with postural stability, leading to episodes of hypomobility.
- The Forward Pull Test assesses postural instability through balance evaluation.
Complications
- Difficulty swallowing can lead to malnutrition or aspiration.
- Patients may experience a shuffling gait, stooped posture, and difficulty stopping movement.
Treatment Options
- Antiparkinsonian drugs enhance dopamine release or block cholinergic neuron activity.
- Hypomobility often develops within 3-5 years of standard treatment.
- Deep brain stimulation is a common surgical intervention for symptom management.
- Ablation surgery targets and destroys problematic brain areas associated with PD symptoms.
- Fetal neural tissue transplantation aims to provide dopamine-producing cells in the basal ganglia.
Dietary Considerations
- Dysphagia and bradykinesia necessitate appetizing, easily chewed and swallowed foods.
- To enhance food appeal, serving size and plate temperature are important considerations.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Test your knowledge on Parkinson's Disease with these flashcards. This quiz covers key terms such as bradykinesia and atypical parkinsonism, along with their definitions and significance in the context of the disease. Perfect for students and anyone interested in neurology.
