Biology Reproductive System Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What substance maintains the levels of testosterone in the seminiferous tubules?

  • Inhibin
  • LH
  • ABP (correct)
  • FSH

    • Inhibin regulates the release of testosterone in the male reproductive system.

    False

    How many oocytes can a woman ovulate and potentially fertilize during her reproductive life?

    400-500

    Mitosis in spermatogonia begins in the embryonic ______ and continues throughout a man's life.

    <p>testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Spermatogonia = The source of continuous mitosis in males Inhibin = Regulates the release of FSH and LH ABP = Maintains testosterone levels Oocytes = Potentially fertilizable female gametes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what stage does a wave of mitosis occur in spermatogonia?

    <p>Puberty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatogonia stop dividing after a man reaches adulthood.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the final stages of maturation and differentiation of gametes into spermatozoa and ova?

    <p>cytodifferentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the starting point in the life history of an individual?

    <p>Fertilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Epigenesis supports the idea that development occurs through the gradual remodeling and growth of the embryo.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What marks the initiation of spermatogenesis?

    <p>Production of Type A spermatogonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the process by which a complex multicellular organism arises from a single cell?

    <p>Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The increase in cell number during development occurs without __________ during the cleavage divisions.

    <p>growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Type B spermatogonia undergo meiotic division.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the components that form during the development of sperm?

    <p>Head, neck, middle piece, and tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of spermatogenesis is regulated by _____ production by the pituitary gland.

    <p>LH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process does NOT occur during the cleavage divisions?

    <p>Net growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The theory of preformation suggests that the embryo contains a miniature version of the adult.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following stages of sperm development with their characteristics:

    <p>Type A spermatogonia = Limited number of mitotic divisions Type B spermatogonia = Forms primary spermatocytes Primary spermatocytes = Start meiotic division LH = Stimulates testosterone production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major pattern of growth in mammals.

    <p>Differential growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the condensation of the nucleus?

    <p>Chromatin becomes granular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Growth may still occur without cell division due to changes in cell size and deposition of materials such as __________.

    <p>bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mitochondria begin to form a spiral investment around the tail during sperm development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What binds LH to Leydig cells?

    <p>Receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scientist conceptualized the word 'epigenesis'?

    <p>Kaspar Friedrich Wolff</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the acrosome in sperm cells?

    <p>To assist in the penetration of the egg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Spermatids are diploid cells resulting from the first meiotic division.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells support the development of spermatogenic cells in the testes?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At birth, the germ cells in a male infant can be recognized in the sex cords as large pale cells surrounded by __________ cells.

    <p>supporting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage occurs first during spermiogenesis?

    <p>Formation of the acrosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The seminiferous tubules are responsible for sperm development.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the second meiotic division in spermatogenesis?

    <p>Spermatid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the zona pellucida during fertilization?

    <p>To prevent polyspermy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The release of acrosomal enzymes allows multiple sperm to penetrate the zona pellucida.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces the acrosome reaction during fertilization?

    <p>Binding of the sperm to the zona pellucida mediated by ZP3.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of __________ permits capacitated sperm to pass through the corona radiata.

    <p>capacitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following processes with their functions:

    <p>Fast-block = Immediate reaction preventing polyspermy Slow-block = Formation of the fertilization envelope Capacitation = Preparation for sperm penetration Acrosome reaction = Release of enzymes for zona pellucida penetration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the cortical granules releasing enzymes when the sperm enters the oocyte?

    <p>Changes in the zona pellucida permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Capacitation occurs after fertilization of the egg.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced after the sperm penetrates the egg during fertilization?

    <p>Second polar body and the definitive oocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The __________ reaction is responsible for the cortical granules' release, preventing polyspermy.

    <p>fast-block</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is involved in the initial adhesion of the sperm to the oocyte?

    <p>Integrin on the oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which months of pregnancy does intense mitosis occur in the embryonic ovary?

    <p>2nd through 5th month</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The number of oogonia increases to about 7 million and remains constant until birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the number of oocytes by age 50?

    <p>The number declines to almost zero.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The stage at which the secondary oocyte is ovulated is called ___

    <p>secondary oocyte</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of cytokinesis II in oogenesis?

    <p>Four haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mammals can replenish the oocytes that were generated during birth.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary oocyte surrounded by?

    <p>Follicle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The initial crescent-shaped structure that contains fluid during folliculogenesis is called the ___

    <p>antrum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following phases of prophase I with their descriptions:

    <p>Leptotene = Replicated chromosomes condense Zygotene = Synapsis begins Pachytene = Bivalent formation and crossing over Diplotene = Dissociation of the synaptonemal complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process describes the development of the follicle around the oocyte?

    <p>Folliculogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chromosomal abnormalities are less common in older women due to the aging oocytes.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are granulosa cells also referred to as?

    <p>Follicle cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process in which homologous chromosomes separate during meiosis is called ___

    <p>Anaphase I</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of meiosis II in oogenesis?

    <p>Production of four haploid cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ovulated egg undergoes meiosis II only if it is fertilized.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Developmental Biology Study Notes

    • Development: The process by which a complex multicellular organism arises from a single cell, involving increases in cell number, differentiation, pattern formation, and morphogenesis.
    • Ontogeny: An individual's life history, encompassing the entire span of development.
    • Phylogeny: The evolutionary history of a species, explaining its origin.
    • Fertilization: The union of sperm and egg, marking the start of development in the life-cycle of an organism.
    • Zygote: A single fertilized cell, the starting point of development.
    • Epigenesis: Development through progressive remodeling and growth. This theory directly opposes the preformation theory.
    • Preformation: An early theory stating that a miniature version of an adult is present in the sperm or egg.
    • Cleavage: Cellular divisions that increase the number of cells without significant growth, occurring during a period in which the embryo consists of smaller cells, the blastomeres.
    • Growth: Increase in cell size and mass of an organism or its parts, often associated with cell division and differentiation.
    • Differentiation: The process by which relatively unspecialized cells or stem cells become increasingly specialized. This is marked by the synthesis of different proteins, which gives a unique shape and role to a cell or a group of cells, as is apparent when specific genetic directions take hold and are expressed in a differentiated cell.
    • Determination: The molecular events in which cells progressively commit to a specific differentiation pathway. This process restricts the future options of a cell to one specific differentiation option from a range of options.
    • Morphogenesis: The development of shape and form in an organism.
    • Pattern formation: The process of establishing the body plan or spatial arrangement of tissues and organs during development.
    • Gametogenesis: The production of gamete cells (sperm and eggs).
    • Sexual reproduction: Involves the production of gametes, requiring two parents (dioecious), characterized by the fusion of female and male gamete (sperm and egg) for replication.
    • Male reproductive system: The structures involved in sperm production and delivery. This includes the testes, scrotum, epididymis, vas deferens, seminal vesicles, prostate, and urethra.
    • Female reproductive system: The structures involved in egg production and fertilization. It includes the ovaries, fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, and vagina.
    • Ovary: Paired female organs where egg production takes place.
    • Uterus: The pear-shaped organ where the fertilized egg implants and develops.
    • Implantation: The attachment of the blastocyst to the uterine wall.
    • Menstrual cycle: The cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus in primates that prepare for the implantation and development of a fetus. This cycle is characterized by menstruation.
    • Ovarian cycle: The cyclical changes in the ovaries, including the maturation of follicles and the release of eggs.
    • Ovulation: Release of a mature egg from the ovary.
    • Estrous cycle: The cyclical changes in the ovaries and uterus in mammals, preparing the body for potential pregnancy and leading to a period of sexual receptivity.
    • Embryology: The study of the embryo; the early stages of development in an organism.
    • Gametes: Reproductive cells (sperm and egg), containing half the genetic material of a somatic cell.
    • Nucleus: The central organelle of a cell, containing the genetic material or DNA.
    • Nuclear equivalence: The genetic material of all differentiated cells in an organism is essentially identical. The differential gene expression results in differences in the cell structures and functionality.
    • Mammary ridges/buds: Structures which lead to the formation of mammary glands.
    • Mesenchyme: Embryonic connective tissue from which other connective tissues originate.
    • Organogenesis: The formation of organs and organ systems.
    • Neurulation: The process of forming the neural tube in vertebrates, which is a precursor to the central nervous system. The neural tube forms during a period called gastrulation, and the neural plate and the neural crest are the structures which will give rise to the neural tube.
    • Notochord: A flexible rod that forms along the dorsal axis of the developing vertebrate embryo. It plays a critical role in patterning and induction.
    • Neural crest cells: Specialized cells that arise from the neural tube and migrate extensively during development to form various tissues such as peripheral neurons, pigment cells, cartilage, and bone.
    • Development of sensory systems: The process through which organs are formed for vision, hearing, taste, smell, and touch.
    • Gastrulation: A series of movements, leading to the formation of the three primary germ layers (ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm). It's critical to the development of the body's main components.
    • Cleavage: The rapid mitotic divisions of the zygote to form more cells are called cleavage. The cells resulting from these divisions are known as the blastomeres.
    • Blastogenesis: The formation and development of the blastula.
    • Blastula: A hollow sphere of cells that develops from the zygote after multiple rounds of cleavage.
    • Blastocoel: The fluid-filled cavity of the blastula.
    • Morula: A solid ball of many cells that forms from the blastula.
    • Blastocyst: A structure formed from the morula that contains the inner cell mass and trophoblast layer.

    Specialized Tissues

    • Epidermis: The outermost layer of skin, derived from the ectoderm.
    • Dermis: The middle layer of skin, derived from the mesoderm.
    • Sweat glands: Appendages of the skin, derived from the ectoderm, producing perspiration to regulate body temperature.
    • Hair follicles: Appendages of the skin, derived from the ectoderm, producing hairs.
    • Sebaceous glands: Appendages of the skin (located within the hair follicles), derived from the ectoderm, producing sebum to lubricate skin and hairs.
    • Mammary glands: Glands that produce milk, derived from the ectoderm.
    • Inner and outer layers of neuroblastic cells: Developed from the ectoderm, these layers are instrumental in the formation of the retina. The internal limiting membrane and external limiting membrane define the layers of neuroblasts.
    • Retina: A layer of neural tissue in the eye derived from the neural retina and responsible for the reception of visual information.
    • Lens placode: An ectodermal thickening in the head that develops into the lens of the eye.
    • Otic placodes: Ectodermal regions that form the inner ear.
    • Outer, middle, and inner ear develop from neural ectoderm and/or mesoderm.
    • Pharyngeal arches: Structures that develop during early vertebrate development, which contribute to the formation of many anatomical features of the head and neck.

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    Description

    Test your understanding of key concepts in the male reproductive system and gametogenesis. This quiz covers important topics such as the role of inhibin, stages of spermatogenesis, and the life cycle of oocytes. Challenge your knowledge on the biological processes involved in reproduction.

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