Biology Quiz on Cells and Tissues

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Questions and Answers

What does the Na+/K+ ATPase primarily transport?

Ion gradients of sodium and potassium (correct)

Lipids for cell membrane synthesis

Water in and out of cells

Nutrient molecules across membranes

Which statement best describes smooth muscle tissue?

It has the capacity for tissue repair. (correct)

It is always attached to the skeleton.

It is found only within cardiac structures.

It is primarily under voluntary control.

What is the primary characteristic of the epidermis?

It is highly vascularized.

It contains multiple layers of muscle fibers.

It is avascular. (correct)

It consists of dense connective tissue.

What is a common function of epithelial tissue?

Covering body surfaces and forming barriers Signup and view all the answers

Which type of epithelial tissue is described as appearing flat?

Simple squamous epithelium Signup and view all the answers

What type of cartilage is found at the ends of long bones and serves to reduce friction?

Hyaline cartilage Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue serves as the framework for organs like the liver and spleen?

Reticular connective tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of eccrine sudoriferous glands?

Cooling the body via perspiration Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a bluish tint to the skin due to lack of oxygen?

Cyanosis Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of deep wound healing involves the migration of cells to the injury site?

Proliferation Signup and view all the answers

Which body systems are involved in regulating homeostasis?

Nervous and Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves osteoblasts developing into osteocytes?

Differentiation Signup and view all the answers

What type of feedback mechanism reverses the initial stimulus in maintaining homeostasis?

Negative Feedback Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of the Na+ K+ pump's activity?

3 sodium out and 2 potassium in Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of cholesterol in the plasma membrane?

Stiffens the membrane Signup and view all the answers

In what process do enzymes lower the activation energy required for reactions?

Catalysis Signup and view all the answers

What indicates a solution is acidic in terms of pH?

pH less than 7 Signup and view all the answers

Which cellular transport method uses carrier proteins to move glucose across the membrane?

Facilitated Diffusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the resulting net gain of ATP when glucose is converted to pyruvate?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What layers are involved in the pleura surrounding the lungs?

Visceral and Parietal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Levels of Organization

Levels of organization in the body include chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, and organism.

Body Systems Regulating Homeostasis

Nervous system and endocrine system regulate homeostasis.

Regulating Volume and Chemistry

The urinary system regulates blood volume and chemistry, eliminates wastes, and maintains electrolyte balance.

Differentiation of Osteoblasts

Osteoblasts can differentiate into osteocytes.

Feedback Mechanisms

Negative Feedback: Reverses initial stimulus—for example, cells in the brain sensing a change in blood, triggering the kidneys to regulate water levels.
Positive Feedback: Reinforces initial stimulus — for example, platelets releasing substances that attract more platelets.

Anatomical Planes and Sections

Anatomical planes that divide an organ include transverse, frontal, and midsagittal.

Body Cavities

Visceral pleura and parietal pleura are body cavities that can be described as deep or superficial.

Elements in Body

Key elements found in the body are Carbon (C), Hydrogen (H), Nitrogen (N), and Oxygen (O).

Radioisotopes in Diagnosis

Radioisotopes like Iodine are used for diagnostic purposes.

Chemical Bonds and Energy

A double nonpolar covalent bond is a common chemical bond.
Oxygen (O2) is a diatomic molecule.
Kinetic energy is related to the movement of molecules, and enzymes reduce activation energy.

Catabolism and Energy

Glucose is broken down to pyruvate.
The process of breaking down glucose is categorized as catabolic and exogonic.
Catabolism breaks starch into glucose.

Acid-Base Balance

Substances with a pH less than 7.0 are acids—they release H+ ions.
The normal pH range in the human body is 7.35 to 7.45.
A pH of 7.48 is a solution slightly basic than the normal range.

Polysaccharides and Proteins

Glycogen is an example of a polysaccharide.
Proteins include antibodies and enzymes.

Cellular Transport and Membrane Structure

Na⁺-K⁺ ATPase pump transports 3 sodium ions out of the cell and 2 potassium ions into the cell.
Phospholipid molecules form a lipid bilayer, with hydrophilic heads facing the extracellular and intracellular fluids.
Plasma membranes are asymmetrical.
Glycolipids face the extracellular fluid.

Membrane Protein Function

Cholesterol stiffens the plasma membrane.
Carrier proteins transport substances like glucose.

Physiological Responses in Red Blood Cells

Red blood cells in a 0.9% saline solution do not change.
Red blood cells in a 9.0% saline solution will shrink (crenate).

Tissues and Components

Smooth muscle tissue is found in hollow organs and is involuntary.
Epidermis is avascular (no blood vessels).
Simple squamous epithelial tissue functions well for diffusion.

Support Structures

Stroma is the reticular connective tissue in organs such as the liver, lymph nodes and spleen.
Dense Irregular connective tissue is in the dermis.

Cancerous Conditions and Tissue

Malignant melanoma is a form of skin cancer that is often deadly.

Connective Tissue Components

Dense regular connective tissue is found in tendons and ligaments.
Matrix can be liquid, gel or solid, non-living.
Cartilage—hyaline is in the ends of long bones; fibrocartilage in intervertebral discs and elastic in ears and nose.

Cell Connections and Junctions

Cell junctions include Tight and Hemidesmosomes.

Body Functions

Jaundice is a yellow pigmentation caused by bilirubin.
Cyanosis is a bluish discoloration from low oxygen (O2) levels.
Eccrine sudoriferous glands cool the body through perspiration.
Apocrine sudoriferous glands develop during puberty.

Wound Healing

Deep wound healing involves inflammation, migration, proliferation, and maturation.

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Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts in biology, focusing on cellular transport mechanisms, smooth muscle characteristics, and the structure of epithelial tissues. This quiz covers essential topics that are fundamental to understanding how various tissues function in the body.