Biology Quiz: Characteristics of Living Organisms

False (B)

Carbon

<p>carbon dioxide, water, light energy, glucose, oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Salivary glands = Secrete enzymes to aid in digestion Pancreas = Produces insulin and digestive enzymes Liver = Processes nutrients absorbed from the intestine Gall bladder = Stores bile produced by the liver</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>High melting point (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bauxite, extracted through the Bayer process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>ρ = m/v</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Potassium = Reacts vigorously Sodium = Reacts moderately Calcium = Reacts slowly Magnesium = No reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Paint coating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon monoxide; it can be harmful to human health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>chromatography</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mobile electrons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased temperature causes particles to move faster.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>mass; volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Filtration = Separates solids from liquids using a medium Distillation = Separates liquids based on boiling points Crystallization = Forms solid crystals from a solution Chromatography = Separates based on the movement of substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transport of water (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Transpiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>White blood cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ionic bond = Transfer of electrons between atoms Covalent bond = Sharing of electron pairs between atoms Metallic bond = Delocalized electrons among metal ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>H2O (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A catalyst increases the rate of a reaction without being consumed in the process.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Exothermic = Releases heat Endothermic = Absorbs heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Color of reactants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

The process by which food is broken down into smaller molecules that can be absorbed by the body.

The physical breakdown of food into smaller pieces, increasing the surface area for enzymes to work on.

The chemical breakdown of food molecules into smaller molecules using enzymes.

The process by which nutrients from digested food are absorbed into the bloodstream.

The process by which absorbed nutrients are used by the body's cells for growth, repair, and energy production.

The process by which undigested waste materials are eliminated from the body.

A plant tissue that transports water and dissolved minerals upwards from the roots to the leaves.

A plant tissue that transports sugars produced during photosynthesis from the leaves to other parts of the plant.

Tiny hair-like projections on root cells that increase the surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions.

The process by which water evaporates from the leaves of a plant, creating a suction that pulls more water up from the roots.

The main pumping organ of the circulatory system.

Blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body.

Blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body.

A microscopic blood vessel that connects arteries and veins, allowing for the exchange of gases and nutrients.

A disease caused by a buildup of plaque in the arteries, reducing blood flow and increasing the risk of heart attack or stroke.

Diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration.

Osmosis is the movement of water molecules across a semi-permeable membrane from a region of high water concentration to a region of low water concentration.

Active transport is the movement of molecules across a cell membrane from a region of low concentration to a region of high concentration, requiring energy.

Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in living organisms without being used up in the process.

Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose (sugar) and oxygen.

The transition elements are a group of elements found in the d-block of the periodic table. They share some common properties like high density, high melting points, formation of colored compounds and catalytic activity. They are known for their variable valency and ability to form complex ions.

Group VIII elements (iron, cobalt, and nickel) are known for their magnetic properties. They are relatively unreactive due to their filled d orbitals, making them less prone to losing electrons. Their electronic configuration with filled d orbitals contribute to their low reactivity.

Metals are generally shiny, good conductors of heat and electricity, malleable, ductile and have high melting points whereas non-metals are dull, poor conductors of heat and electricity, brittle, and have low melting points.

Metals are widely used based on their physical properties. For example, copper is used in electrical wiring because it is a good conductor, gold is used in jewelry due to its resistance to corrosion, and iron is used in construction due to its strength.

Alloys are mixtures of two or more metals, sometimes including non-metals. They are created to enhance certain properties of metals. Bronze, an alloy of copper and tin, is harder and stronger than copper, making it ideal for statues and tools.

Metals generally react with dilute acids to produce hydrogen gas and a salt. For example, zinc reacts with hydrochloric acid to form zinc chloride and hydrogen gas.

Metals react with cold water, hot water, and steam at different rates. Some react violently, like potassium, sodium, and calcium with cold water. Others require heat like magnesium with steam.

The reactivity series ranks metals in order of their reactivity, with the most reactive at the top. Metals higher in the series displace metals lower in the series from their compounds. For example, zinc is higher than copper, so zinc can displace copper from copper sulfate.

Rusting of iron is a chemical process where iron reacts with oxygen and water to form iron oxide (rust). This reaction is accelerated in the presence of salt.

Barrier methods are techniques that prevent iron from coming into contact with oxygen and water, thus preventing rusting. These methods include coating with paint, oil, or grease, galvanizing (coating with zinc), and using stainless steel (which contains chromium that forms a protective oxide layer).

The ease of obtaining metals from their ores is related to their position in the reactivity series. Highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium are difficult to extract from their ores because they readily react with their surroundings. Less reactive metals like gold and silver are found naturally, making them easier to obtain.

The main ore of aluminum is bauxite, containing aluminum oxide. It is extracted through the Hall-Héroult process, which involves electrolysis to separate aluminum from the ore. The main ore of iron is hematite, containing iron oxide. It is extracted through the blast furnace process, where iron oxide is reduced to iron using coke and limestone.

The treatment of domestic water supply involves several steps: coagulation and flocculation to remove suspended particles, sedimentation to allow heavier particles to settle, filtration to remove remaining particles, disinfection to kill harmful bacteria, and fluoridation to strengthen teeth.

Clean, dry air is composed mainly of nitrogen (78%), oxygen (21%), and argon (1%). Other gases like carbon dioxide and neon are present in trace amounts.

Air pollutants have various sources and adverse effects. Carbon dioxide is a greenhouse gas contributing to global warming. Particulates cause respiratory problems. Carbon monoxide is a poisonous gas. Methane is a powerful greenhouse gas. Oxides of nitrogen contribute to acid rain and smog. Sulfur dioxide also contributes to acid rain.

Solvent: A liquid that dissolves a solute. Solute: A substance that dissolves in a solvent. Solution: A homogeneous mixture of a solute and a solvent. Saturated Solution: A solution that cannot dissolve any more solute at a given temperature. Residue: The solid left behind after filtration. Filtrate: The liquid that passes through the filter paper during filtration.

Paper chromatography is a technique used to separate mixtures of soluble colored substances based on their different affinities to the stationary phase (paper) and the mobile phase (solvent). The components with higher affinity to the solvent travel faster, resulting in separation.