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Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms?
Which of the following is a characteristic of living organisms?
Osmosis refers to the movement of solutes across a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis refers to the movement of solutes across a semi-permeable membrane.
False
What element is a major component of carbohydrates?
What element is a major component of carbohydrates?
Carbon
The word equation for photosynthesis is __________ + __________ + __________ → __________ + __________.
The word equation for photosynthesis is __________ + __________ + __________ → __________ + __________.
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Match the following structures with their functions in the digestive system:
Match the following structures with their functions in the digestive system:
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Which of the following is a characteristic property of transition elements?
Which of the following is a characteristic property of transition elements?
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The reactivity of Group VIII elements is high due to their electronic configuration.
The reactivity of Group VIII elements is high due to their electronic configuration.
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What is the main ore of aluminum and how is aluminum extracted?
What is the main ore of aluminum and how is aluminum extracted?
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The equation for calculating density is ____.
The equation for calculating density is ____.
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Match the following metals to their corresponding reactivity with cold water.
Match the following metals to their corresponding reactivity with cold water.
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Which of the following methods can be used to prevent rusting?
Which of the following methods can be used to prevent rusting?
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Metals typically have lower densities than non-metals.
Metals typically have lower densities than non-metals.
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Name a common air pollutant and its adverse effect.
Name a common air pollutant and its adverse effect.
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The process of separating colored substances using paper is called __________.
The process of separating colored substances using paper is called __________.
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What is the primary characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct electricity?
What is the primary characteristic of metals that allows them to conduct electricity?
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All metals react with dilute acids to produce hydrogen gas.
All metals react with dilute acids to produce hydrogen gas.
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How does temperature affect the motion of particles in a gas?
How does temperature affect the motion of particles in a gas?
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A liquid's density is determined by its __________ and __________.
A liquid's density is determined by its __________ and __________.
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Match the following methods of separation to their descriptions:
Match the following methods of separation to their descriptions:
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What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
What is the primary function of xylem in plants?
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Chemical digestion involves the mechanical breakdown of food.
Chemical digestion involves the mechanical breakdown of food.
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What process describes the movement of water through root hairs to leaves?
What process describes the movement of water through root hairs to leaves?
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___ are the primary components of blood that help fight infection.
___ are the primary components of blood that help fight infection.
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Match the following types of bonds with their descriptions:
Match the following types of bonds with their descriptions:
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Which of these compounds is formed through covalent bonding?
Which of these compounds is formed through covalent bonding?
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All bacterial infections resistant to antibiotics can be treated with antiviral drugs.
All bacterial infections resistant to antibiotics can be treated with antiviral drugs.
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Describe the effect of a catalyst on the rate of a chemical reaction.
Describe the effect of a catalyst on the rate of a chemical reaction.
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The periodic table organizes elements based on their increasing ___.
The periodic table organizes elements based on their increasing ___.
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Match the following types of heat reactions with their characteristics:
Match the following types of heat reactions with their characteristics:
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Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of a reaction?
Which of the following factors does NOT affect the rate of a reaction?
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Acids and bases will always neutralize each other regardless of their concentration.
Acids and bases will always neutralize each other regardless of their concentration.
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What is the standard word equation for aerobic respiration?
What is the standard word equation for aerobic respiration?
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The type of bond present in ionic compounds is primarily due to the transfer of ___ between atoms.
The type of bond present in ionic compounds is primarily due to the transfer of ___ between atoms.
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Study Notes
Biology
- Describe the seven characteristics of living organisms
- Identify, describe, and compare the structure of plant, animal, and bacterial cells.
- Describe the functions of plant, animal, and bacterial cell structures.
- Define cell, tissue, organ, organ system, and organism, providing examples.
- Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimeters.
- Describe diffusion, osmosis, and active transport.
- Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes in living organisms.
- List the chemical elements that make up carbohydrates, fats, and proteins.
- State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, including the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.
- Identify food tests for starch, reducing sugars, proteins, and fats, describing positive and negative results.
- Define enzymes and their functions.
- Describe the effect of changes in temperature and pH on enzyme activity.
- Describe photosynthesis, including the word equation.
- Define chlorophyll and its importance for photosynthesis.
- Explain the need for chlorophyll, light, and carbon dioxide in photosynthesis.
- Identify structures of a dicotyledonous plant leaf in diagrams and images.
- Define a balanced diet and state its importance, including dietary sources.
- Identify the main organs of the digestive system, including associated organs (salivary glands, pancreas, liver, and gall bladder) in diagrams and images.
- Describe the functions of digestive system organs (ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion).
- Distinguish between physical and chemical digestion, describing their roles.
- State the functions of xylem and phloem, identifying them in plant diagrams (roots, stems, leaves of non-woody plants).
- Identify root hair cells in diagrams and images.
- Outline the pathway of water taken up through root hair cells, root cortex cells, xylem, and mesophyll cells.
- Explain the relationship of root hair surface area and water/mineral uptake.
- Define and describe transpiration in plants.
Biology (Circulatory System)
- Describe the circulatory system and identify its structures (mammalian heart) in diagrams and images.
- Differentiate between veins and arteries.
- State how to monitor heart activity (e.g., heart rate).
- Describe the effect of physical activity on heart rate.
- Describe coronary heart disease and risk factors.
- Explain the roles of diet and exercise in reducing coronary heart disease risk.
- Describe the structure of arteries, veins, and capillaries.
- List the components of blood and state their functions.
- Identify red and white blood cells in diagrams and images.
- Describe pathogens and how they are transmitted.
- Outline the body's defense mechanisms against pathogens.
- Describe transmissible diseases.
- Describe organs of the breathing system (diagrams/images).
- Describe the effect of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing.
- Describe the use of energy in living organisms.
- Describe aerobic respiration, including its word equation.
- Describe drug usage.
- Describe the use of antibiotics in treating bacterial infections.
- Explain the difference between antibiotic effects on bacteria and viruses.
- Identify parts of an insect-pollinated flower in diagrams and images, including function of structures.
- Describe pollination, fertilization, dispersion, and germination (diagrams and images).
- Identify male and female reproductive system structures, state their function.
- Describe the menstrual cycle.
Chemistry
- State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
- Describe the structure of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of particle separation, arrangement, and motion.
- Describe changes of state (melting, boiling, etc.).
- Describe the effects of temperature and pressure on the volume of a gas.
- Describe the differences between elements, compounds, and mixtures.
- Describe the structure of the atom (proton, neutron, electron).
- State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, neutron, and electron.
- Identify proton number and mass number.
- Define proton number and mass number and identify them in the periodic table.
- Determine electronic configurations of elements (atomic numbers up to 20).
- Identify groups of elements with full outer shells (periodic table).
- State the number of outer-shell electrons in each of the VIII group of the periodic table.
- State the number of occupied electron shells in each of the periods of the periodic table.
- State and explain the type of bond present in ionic compounds, using dot-and-cross diagrams.
- Describe ionic compounds.
- Describe covalent bonding, using dot-and-cross diagrams.
- Describe the properties of ionic and simple covalent compounds.
- Deduce the molecular formula of a compound from a diagram.
- Construct and balance symbol and word equations.
- Define electrolysis, anode, cathode, electrolyte.
- Predict products from electrolysis (binary compound, molten state).
- Identify exothermic and endothermic reactions.
- Explain physical and chemical changes, including distinctions between them.
- Describe the effect of changes on reaction rates, such as concentration, pressure, surface area, temperature, and catalysts.
- Describe practical methods/graphs of investigating reaction rates.
- Define oxidation and reduction.
- Explain redox reactions, as well as identification in reactions.
- Describe the characteristic properties of acids (reactions with metals, bases, carbonates).
- Describe the characteristic properties of bases (reactions with acids).
- State how bases and oxides relate to metals and nonmetals.
- Describe comparing reactions and relating them to the reactivity series.
- Describe rust and barrier methods to prevent it.
- State how metals are extracted from their ores.
- Describe the treatment of domestic water supplies.
- Describe the composition of clean, dry air, including air pollutants and their effects.
- Describe apparatus for measuring mass, volume, temperature, and time.
- Explain how paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble colored substances.
Physics
- Describe correct equipment and methods for measuring length, time, and volume.
- Explain how to improve measurements' accuracy (e.g., pendulum).
- Define speed, recall, and use related equations and formulas.
- Recall and use the formulas for average speed.
- Define acceleration and deceleration.
- Sketch and interpret distance-time and speed-time graphs, applying and qualitatively interpreting them with respect to an object's movement.
- Calculate speed from distance-time graphs.
- Calculate distance traveled using speed-time data and graphs.
- Distinguish and define mass and weight; explain their relationship.
- Define gravitational field strength (g), including the equation g=w/m
- Define and explain density as m/v, using this formula.
- Describe the determination of density for liquids, regularly shaped solids, and irregularly shaped solids.
- State the kind of changes forces may produce.
- Calculate resultant forces when forces are acting along the same straight line.
- State and understand Newton's first law.
- Describe friction, drag, and air resistance.
- State how energy may be stored.
- Describe ways energy is transferred between stores/forms.
- Interpret experiments relating to energy transfer, conservation, and the principle of conservation of energy.
- Recall and use the equation for mechanical work (W = Fd =ΔE), kinetic energy (Ek=1/2mv2) and gravitational potential energy (∆Ep=mgAh).
- Explain energy resources and power generation.
- Explain the transference of energy.
- Describe and define pressure in relation to force and area.
- Explain distinguishing properties of solids, liquids, and gases.
- Describe structural relationships of solids, liquids, and gases in terms of particle motion.
- Describe thermal expansion of solids, liquids, and gases at constant pressure and consequences of thermal expansion.
- Describe evaporation in relation to liquid temperature.
- Identify thermal conductors and insulators.
- Describe thermal energy transfer (conduction, convection, and radiation).
- Identify and explain everyday applications/consequences of these thermal energy transfers.
- Define waves and wave features, including wavelength, frequency, crest, trough, amplitude, and wave speed.
- Distinguish transverse and longitudinal waves.
- Describe reflection and refraction.
- Apply ray diagrams, relating to terms like normal, angle of incidence, angle of reflection,angle of refraction (mirrors and lenses).
- Describe image formation by a thin converging lens.
- Define principal axis, principal focus (focal point), and focal length.
- Describe the dispersion of light as illustrated by the refraction of white light by a glass prism (visible spectrum).
- Understand and define electromagnetic waves.
- Describe applications of the various regions of the electromagnetic spectrum, including harmful radiation.
- Describe the production of sound by vibrating sources.
- Explain how changes in amplitude and frequency affect the loudness and pitch of sound waves.
- Define ultrasound and describe an echo.
- Describe the Solar System, including its objects (planets, minor planets, asteroids, moons, planets, comets).
- Explain the Sun's role in the Solar System (e.g., orbital motion).
- Know that the Sun consists mainly of hydrogen and helium, radiating most of its energy in the infrared, visible, and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. Describe life stages of different-sized stars.
- Define relative distances between the Earth, the Sun, the Moon, other planets, and other stars, as well state the name and size of our galaxy.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the fundamental characteristics of living organisms, osmosis, the elements of carbohydrates, and the process of photosynthesis. This quiz also includes matching digestive system structures to their functions. Perfect for biology students looking to review key concepts.
