A6 Combined Science Core Revision List PDF

A6 Combined Science - Core Get ready for your mock exams!! What do I need to revise? Tick when Biology:...

A6 Combined Science - Core Get ready for your mock exams!! What do I need to revise? Tick when Biology: revised!  Describe the 7 characteristics of living organisms  Identify, describe and compare the structure of a plant, animal and a bacteria cell  Describe the functions of plant, animal and bacteria cells structures  Describe the meaning of the terms: cell, tissue, organ, organ system and organism, give examples  Calculate magnification and size of biological specimens using millimetres as units  Describe diffusion, osmosis and active transport  Describe the importance of diffusion of gases and solutes in living organisms  List the chemical elements that make up: carbohydrates, fats and proteins  State that large molecules are made from smaller molecules, refer the monomers of carbohydrates, proteins and fats  Identify the food test for starch, reducing carbohydrates, proteins and fats and describe what would be a positive and a negative result for each test.  Define enzymes and its functions  Describe the effect of changes in temperature and pH on enzyme activity  Describe photosynthesis  Write word equation for photosynthesis  Define chlorophyll  Explain the need for chlorophyll, light and carbon dioxide for photosynthesis  Identify in diagrams and images the structures in the leaf of a dicotyledonous plant  Define balanced diet and state the principal dietary sources and its importance  Identify in diagrams and images the main organs of the digestive system  Identify associated organs as salivary glands, pancreas, liver and gall bladder  Describe the functions of the different organs of the digestive system.  Explain the concept of ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation and egestion  Distinguish physical digestion and chemical digestion and describe its role in the process  State the functions of xylem and phloem  Identify in diagrams and images the position of xylem and phloem as seen in sections of roots, stems and leaves of non-woody plants  Identify in diagrams and images root hair cells  Outline the pathway taken by water through the root hair cells, root cortex cells, xylem and mesophyll cells  Relate the large surface area of root hairs with the uptake of water and mineral ions  Define and describe transpiration in plants  Describe the circulatory system and identify in diagrams and images the structures of the mammalian heart  Distinguish veins and arteries  State how to monitor the activity of the heart  Describe the effect of physical activity on the heart rate  Describe coronary heart disease and its risk factors  Explain the roles of diet and exercise in reducing the risk of coronary heart disease  Describe the structure of arteries, veins and capillaries  List the components of blood  State the functions the blood components.  Identify red and white blood cells in photomicrographs and diagrams  Describe what is a pathogen and how it is transmitted  Describe the body defences against pathogens  Describe transmissible disease  Identify in diagrams and images the parts of the breathing system  Describe the effects of physical activity on the rate and depth of breathing  State the uses of energy in living organisms  Describe aerobic respiration and state its word equation  Describe drug and its usage  Describe the use of antibiotics for the treatment of bacterial infections  Indicate how some bacteria are resistant to antibiotics and what consequences this has on their effectiveness  Explain the difference between antibiotics effect in bacteria and viruses  Identify in diagrams and images and draw the parts of an insect pollinated flower  State the functions of the different flower structures  Describe pollination, fertilisation dispersion and germination  Describe the environmental conditions that affect germination of seeds  Identify on diagrams and state the functions of the male and female reproductive system structures  Describe the menstrual cycle in terms of changes in the ovaries and in the lining of the uterus Chemistry:  State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases  Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of particle separation, arrangement and motion  Describe changes of state (melting, boiling, evaporating, freezing and condensing)  Describe the effects of temperature and pressure on the volume of a gas  Describe the differences between elements, compounds and mixtures  Describe the structure of the atom  State the relative charges and relative masses of a proton, a neutron and an electron  Define proton number and mass number and identify them in the periodic table of elements  Determine the electronic of elements up to atomic number 20  Identify the group of elements with full outer shell  State the number of outer-shell electrons in each of the VIII group of the periodic table  State the number of occupied electron shells in each of the periods of the periodic table  State and explain the type of bond present in ionic compounds  Describe the type of bonds formed between elements from Group I and Group VII, and use of dot-and-cross diagrams to represent  Describe what are cations and anions and use dot and cross diagram to represent  Describe the properties of ionic compounds  State when a covalent bond is formed  Use dot-and-cross diagrams to show the electronic configurations of simple covalent bonds molecules, including H2, Cl2, H2O, CH4, NH3 and HCl  Describe the properties of simple covalent compounds  Distinguish formulas of the elements and compounds  Define the molecular formula of a compound  Deduce the formula of a simple molecular compound from a diagram  Construct symbol and word equations  Balance and interpret simple symbol equations, including state symbols  Define electrolysis, anode, cathode, electrolyte  Predict the identity of the products at each electrode for the electrolysis of a binary compound in the molten state  Identify the products formed at the electrodes and describe the observations made during the electrolysis  State what is an exothermic and an endothermic reaction  Identify physical and chemical changes, and understand the differences between them  Describe and explain the effect of changing the concentration of solutions, changing the pressure of gases, changing the surface area of solids, changing the temperature and adding or removing a catalyst on the rate of reaction  State the effect of a catalyst in the rate of a reaction  Describe practical methods for investigating the rate of a reaction  Interpret data, including graphs, from rate of reaction experiments  Define oxidation and reduction  Identify and define redox reactions  Identify oxidation and reduction in redox reactions  Describe the characteristic properties of acids in terms of their reactions with metals, bases and carbonates  Describe the characteristic properties of bases in terms of their reactions with acids  State that bases are oxides or hydroxides of metals and that alkalis are soluble bases  Describe how to compare neutrality, relative acidity and relative alkalinity in terms of colour and pH using universal indicator  Describe acids and alkalis in terms of their effects on litmus and methyl orange  Classify oxides as acidic (SO2 and CO2) or basic (CuO and CaO) related to metallic and non- metallic character  Describe the preparation, separation and purification of soluble salts  Study the reaction of an acid with an alkali by titration, with excess metal, excess insoluble base and excess insoluble carbonate  Describe the Periodic Table and how elements are organises  Describe the change on the metallic character across periods and groups  Name and describe the Group I regarding to trends in melting point, density and reactivity with water  Name and describe the Group VII regarding to trends in melting point, density and reactivity  State the appearance of the halogens at room temperature and pressure, r.t.p. as: chlorine, bromine and iodine  Describe the transition elements properties regarding density, melting point, formed coloured compounds and catalysts character  Name and describe the Group VIII elements regarding, reactivity and explain this in terms of electronic configuration  Compare the general physical properties of metals and non-metals  Describe the uses of metals in terms of their physical properties  Describe alloys elements and the use of alloys in terms of their physical properties, and give examples  Describe the general chemical properties of metals regarding to their reactions with dilute acids, cold water and steam  Describe the reactions, if any, of potassium, sodium and calcium with cold water.  Describe the reactions of magnesium with steam and magnesium, zinc, iron, copper, silver and gold with dilute hydrochloric acid  Relate and explain these reactions in terms of the position of the metals and hydrogen in the reactivity series  Deduce an order of reactivity from a given set of experimental results  State the order elements on the reactivity series  State the conditions required for the rusting of iron  Describe how barrier methods prevent rusting and state some common barrier methods  Relate the ease in obtaining metals from their ores and their position in the reactivity series  State what is the main ore of aluminium and iron and how they are extracted  Describe the treatment of the domestic water supply in terms  State the composition of clean, dry air  State the source and the adverse effects of air pollutants: carbon dioxide, particulates, carbon monoxide, methane from, oxides of nitrogen and sulfur dioxide  Name apparatus for the measurement of time, temperature, mass and volume  Define solvent, solute, solution, saturated solution, residue and filtrate  Describe how paper chromatography is used to separate mixtures of soluble coloured substances  Interpret simple chromatograms to distinguish substances  Describe and explain methods of separation and purification of mixtures (Chromatography, filtration, crystallisation, simple distillation and fractional distillation  Suggest suitable separation and purification techniques, given information about the substances involved  State that distilled water is used in practical chemistry rather than tap water  Describe tests to identify anions  Describe the use of a flame test to identify the cations:  Describe tests using aqueous sodium hydroxide and aqueous ammonia to identify the aqueous cations:  Describe tests to identify the gases:  Describe chemical tests for the presence of water using anhydrous cobalt (II) chloride and anhydrous copper (II) sulfate Physics:  Describe correct equipment for measuring length, time, and volume  Describe how to improve accuracy in your measurements (including the period of oscillation of a pendulum)  Define speed and recall and use the equation v =st  Recall and use the equation average speed  Define acceleration and deceleration  Sketch, plot and interpret distance–time and speed–time graphs  Determine, qualitatively, from the shape of a distance–time graph when an object is: at rest, moving with constant speed, accelerating, decelerating  Calculate speed from the gradient of a straight-line section of a distance–time graph  Calculate distance travelled using data of a speed–time graph  Distinguish and define mass and weight, relate these quantities and state their units  Define gravitational field strength (g) and recall and use the equation g = w/m and know that near to the surface of the Earth, g is approximately 9.8 N / kg  Define density and recall and use the equation ρ=m/v  Describe how to determine the density of a liquid, of a regularly shaped solid and of an irregularly shaped solid  Determine whether an object floats or sinks based on density data  State the kind of changes forces may produce  Determine the resultant forces acting along the same straight line  State and understand Newton’s first law  Describe friction, drag and air resistance  State how energy may be stored  Describe how energy is transferred between stores  Relate Energy and work done  Know the principle of conservation of energy  Recall and use the equation for mechanical working (W = Fd = ΔE), kinetic energy (Ek = 1/2mv2) and gravitational potential energy ΔEp = mgΔh  State and describe how energy resources may be obtained, or electrical power generated  For different resources of energy state, the how energy is obtained  Identify the energy source and transference in different object  Explain where kinetic energy is transferred into electrical energy and where electric motors electrical energy is transferred into kinetic energy  Define power and recall the use of equations P = Wt and P = ΔEt  Explain how pressure varies with force and area  Define pressure and recall and use the equation p=F/A  State the distinguishing properties of solids, liquids and gases  Know the terms for the changes in state between solids, liquids and gases  Describe the structure of solids, liquids and gases in terms of the arrangement, separation and motion of the particles  Describe the relationship between the motion of particles and temperature  Describe, qualitatively, the thermal expansion of solids, liquids and gases at constant pressure  Explain some of the everyday applications and consequences of thermal expansion  Describe evaporation and its effect in the temperature of a liquid  Identify and give examples of good thermal conductors and bad thermal conductors  Describe convection in liquids and gases  Know that thermal energy transfer by thermal radiation does not require a medium and is mainly due to infrared radiation  Describe the effect of surface colour and texture on the emission, absorption and reflection of thermal radiation  Identify and explain some of the basic everyday applications and consequences of conduction, convection and radiation  Define waves comparing transfer of energy and transferring matter  Describe what is meant by wave motion  Describe the features of a wave in terms of wavelength, frequency, crest (peak), trough, amplitude and wave speed. Recall use the equation for wave speed v = f λ  Distinguish transverse and longitudinal waves, regarding the direction of vibration and refer examples of each type  Describe what is reflection and refraction  Use ray diagrams to define the terms normal, angle of incidence, angle of reflection and angle of refraction  Describe and characterize the formation of an optical image by a vertical plane mirror  State how the angle of incidence compares to the angle of reflection  Describe and explain what happens when the ray of light passes through a transparent material (limited to the boundaries between two media only)  Describe the action of a thin converging lens on a parallel beam of light, and state the characteristics of bean of light from a high distance  Define and use the terms principal axis, principal focus (focal point) and focal length  Interpret ray diagrams for the formation of an image by a thin converging lens, limited to real images using terms enlarged / same size / diminished and upright / inverted  Describe the dispersion of light as illustrated by the refraction of white light by a glass prism  Know the seven colours (red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo, violet) of the visible spectrum in order of frequency and in order of wavelength  Know the main regions of the electromagnetic spectrum in order of frequency and wavelength  Define electromagnetic waves and know some applications of the different regions of the electromagnetic spectrum including: Describe the harmful effects on people of excessive exposure to electromagnetic radiation, (a)  Describe the production of sound by vibrating sources  State the approximate range of frequencies audible to humans as 20 Hz to 20 kHz and why medium is needed to transmit sound waves  Describe how changes in amplitude and frequency affect the loudness and pitch of sound waves  Define ultrasound  Determine the speed of sound in air  Describe an echo in term of sound wave  Describe the Solar System and its star, refer the known planets and their order from the Sun  Explain what minor planets are, dwarf planets, asteroids, moons, planets, comets and explain their location in our solar system  Know that the Sun contains most of the mass of the Solar System and discuss why the planets orbit the Sun  Define the force that keeps an object in orbit around the Sun  Know that the Sun is the closest star to the Earth, astronomical distances can be measured in light- years, where one light-year is the distance travelled in (the vacuum of) space by light in one year  Calculate the time it takes light to travel a significant distance such as between objects in the Solar System  Know that the Sun is a star of medium size, consisting mostly of hydrogen and helium, and that it radiates most of its energy in the infrared, visible and ultraviolet regions of the electromagnetic spectrum  Know how stable stars are formed and what are the next stages of the life cycle of a star depending on its mass  Know what the nebula from a supernova may form  Know the concept of galaxies, Sun, Milky Way, what make up the Milky Way  Understand relative distances between the Earth, the Sun, the Moon, other planets and other stars are from the Earth  State the name and the size of our galaxy Skills:  Use scientific vocabulary, terminology and conventions (including symbols, quantities and units)  Complete tables and diagrams, interpret graphs, and relate concepts.  Handling information and problem-solving, including some of a quantitative nature.  Apply the acknowledgement to unfamiliar contexts and to apply knowledge from one area of the syllabus to another  Make and record observations, measurements and estimates; interpret and evaluate experimental observations and data  Evaluate methods and suggest possible improvements.  Plan experiments and investigations  Study and understand the periodic table Revision tips Go through this list, identifying the topics you already feel comfortable with, the ones you need to delve into a little more, and the ones you really need to study. You can even create a scale instead of making a tick. Study the diagrams presented in class and those in the course book. Try to practice as much as possible through solved exercises or exercises from the book. Retake your last combined science test, which I'll share on Teams, to see how you improved. See all my slides presentation on MS Teams (Class work Folder)!!!