Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of mitochondria in a cell?
What is the primary role of mitochondria in a cell?
Meiosis produces genetically identical cells.
Meiosis produces genetically identical cells.
False (B)
What are DAMPS and PAMPS?
What are DAMPS and PAMPS?
DAMPS are damage-associated molecular patterns, and PAMPS are pathogen-associated molecular patterns.
Bacteria are classified as either ______ or ______ based on the structure of their cell wall.
Bacteria are classified as either ______ or ______ based on the structure of their cell wall.
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Match the immune cells with their primary functions:
Match the immune cells with their primary functions:
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Which of the following are the three major pathways of the complement system?
Which of the following are the three major pathways of the complement system?
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Opsonization is a process that promotes phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.
Opsonization is a process that promotes phagocytosis by marking pathogens for destruction.
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What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?
What are the four types of hypersensitivity reactions?
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The __________ type of genetic transmission involves a mutation that can be passed from an affected parent to 50% of their offspring regardless of gender.
The __________ type of genetic transmission involves a mutation that can be passed from an affected parent to 50% of their offspring regardless of gender.
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Match the type of immunoglobulin with its primary function:
Match the type of immunoglobulin with its primary function:
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Study Notes
Module 1 Exam Review
- Review of module 1 material is required for the exam
- Study of cell structure and organelles, including mitochondria, Golgi apparatus, cell membrane, and ribosomes is necessary.
- Understanding the phases of mitosis and how chromatids form is crucial.
- Review of meiosis, including phases, comparison with mitosis, and purpose.
- Review of innate immune response; including cells involved, host defenses, and initial inflammatory response.
- Review of adaptive immune response; including cells involved, DAMPS, PAMPS, TLRs, and antibody creation.
- Study of bacteria, including differences between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, infections caused by endotoxins and exotoxins, and bacterial defense mechanisms.
- Review of viral mechanisms of replication, retroviruses (HIV as an example), response to viral invasion, methods of avoiding immune surveillance, and primary targets within HIV/AIDS.
- Study of fungal infections, transmission mechanisms (including inhaled spores in lung infections), and common infections in immunocompromised patients.
- Study of prions, their nature, infection mechanisms, and associated disorders.
- Understanding the difference between acute and chronic inflammation, and the primary response to infection is necessary.
- Review of the complement and complex system, including pathways (classical, lectin, and alternative), opsonization, and complements' role in immune defense.
- Study of immunoglobulins, including their roles in the immune system, structures, and how levels of IgM and IgG can indicate infection exposure.
Hypersensitivity Reactions
- There are four types of hypersensitivity reactions (ACID or ABCD).
- It's important to know the examples of each type (allergic/anaphylactic/atopic, cytotoxic, immune complex deposition, delayed hypersensitivity) and to note the abbreviations and mnemonic device (ACID or ABCD)
Genetics
- Review of genetic transmission types: autosomal dominant, autosomal recessive, X-linked dominant, X-linked recessive, and mitochondrial inheritance.
CRISPR
- Study the CRISPR mechanism (how it works).
- Review of ethical issues related to CRISPR technology.
- Review of live session videos or slides for further understanding, if available.
Epigenetics
- Review of how epigenetics influences human genome changes over time.
- Understand the potential reasons for increased chromosomal abnormalities with advanced maternal and paternal age.
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Description
Prepare for your exam with this comprehensive review of Module 1 materials. Topics include cell structures and organelles, phases of mitosis and meiosis, immune responses, and bacterial and viral mechanisms. Master these concepts to excel in your biology exam!
