T Lymphocytes and Adaptive Immune Response

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of CD8+ Tc cells in the immune response?

To activate macrophages and stimulate the production of ROS and NOS

To mediate anti-parasitic responses and allergic reactions

To activate B cells and provide co-stimulatory signals

To directly kill cells infected with pathogens in the cytosol (correct)

What type of T cells respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells?

Th2 cells

CD4+ T cells

Th1 cells

CD8+ Tc cells (correct)

What is the primary function of Th1 cells in the immune response?

To mediate anti-parasitic responses and allergic reactions

To activate macrophages and stimulate the production of ROS and NOS (correct)

To activate B cells and provide co-stimulatory signals

To directly kill cells infected with pathogens in the cytosol

What type of MHC proteins do CD4+ T cells bind to?

Class II Signup and view all the answers

What type of pathogens can B cells recognise?

Soluble and extracellular pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of MHC Class I proteins?

To display peptides from cytosolic proteins Signup and view all the answers

What type of T cells bind to MHC Class I proteins?

CD8+ T cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of Th2 cells in the immune response?

To mediate anti-parasitic responses and allergic reactions Signup and view all the answers

What do T cells recognise through their TCR?

MHC proteins with peptide fragments derived from self- and non-self proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in the immune response?

To mediate cell-mediated immunity through cytokine production Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis?

Th1 cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of CD4+ Th2 cells in the immune response?

Mediating anti-parasitic response Signup and view all the answers

What do MHC Class II proteins typically display on the cell surface?

Peptide fragments from vesicular proteins Signup and view all the answers

Which type of T cells are responsible for killing infected cells directly?

CD8+ Tc cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of MHC proteins in the immune response?

Displaying peptide fragments for T cell recognition Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune cells primarily express MHC Class II proteins?

Macrophages, dendritic cells, and activated B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between the functions of MHC Class I and II proteins?

MHC Class I displays peptides from cytosolic proteins, while MHC Class II displays peptides from vesicular proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the ultimate goal of T cell activation in the immune response?

Elimination of infected cells and pathogens Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is mediated by CD4+ Th2 cells?

Anti-parasitic response Signup and view all the answers

What is the common feature of T cells that recognize intracellular pathogens?

Binding to MHC Class I proteins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

T Lymphocytes

Cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response
Consists of different populations, including:
- CD4+ (Helper T cells: Th1, Th2, TFH)
- CD8+ (Cytotoxic T cells: Tc, CTL)

CD8+ Tc Cells

Cytotoxic and kill cells directly
Respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells
Prevent the spread of infection by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Th1 Cells

Helper T cells / inflammatory T cells
Activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis
Stimulate production of ROS and NOS
Mediate destruction of pathogens ingested by macrophages

Th2 Cells

Helper T cells
Mediate anti-parasitic response
Mediate allergic reactions
Activate B cells (provide co-stimulatory signal)

T Cell Binding

Bind to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins
2 classes of MHC protein: Class I and II
Class I:
- Expressed by all nucleated body cells
- CD8+ T cells (Tc) bind MHC Class I proteins
- Display peptides from cytosolic proteins
Class II:
- Expressed by selected immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, activated B cells)
- CD4+ T cells (Th1/Th2/TFH) bind MHC Class II proteins
- Display peptides from vesicular proteins

T Lymphocytes

Cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response
Consists of different populations, including:
- CD4+ (Helper T cells: Th1, Th2, TFH)
- CD8+ (Cytotoxic T cells: Tc, CTL)

CD8+ Tc Cells

Cytotoxic and kill cells directly
Respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells
Prevent the spread of infection by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis)

Th1 Cells

Helper T cells / inflammatory T cells
Activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis
Stimulate production of ROS and NOS
Mediate destruction of pathogens ingested by macrophages

Th2 Cells

Helper T cells
Mediate anti-parasitic response
Mediate allergic reactions
Activate B cells (provide co-stimulatory signal)

T Cell Binding

Bind to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins
2 classes of MHC protein: Class I and II
Class I:
- Expressed by all nucleated body cells
- CD8+ T cells (Tc) bind MHC Class I proteins
- Display peptides from cytosolic proteins
Class II:
- Expressed by selected immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, activated B cells)
- CD4+ T cells (Th1/Th2/TFH) bind MHC Class II proteins
- Display peptides from vesicular proteins

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Description

Learn about the cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response, including different populations of T lymphocytes such as CD4+, CD8+, Helper T cells, and Cytotoxic T cells. Understand their functions and roles in immune response.