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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of CD8+ Tc cells in the immune response?
What is the primary function of CD8+ Tc cells in the immune response?
- To activate macrophages and stimulate the production of ROS and NOS
- To mediate anti-parasitic responses and allergic reactions
- To activate B cells and provide co-stimulatory signals
- To directly kill cells infected with pathogens in the cytosol (correct)
What type of T cells respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells?
What type of T cells respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells?
- Th2 cells
- CD4+ T cells
- Th1 cells
- CD8+ Tc cells (correct)
What is the primary function of Th1 cells in the immune response?
What is the primary function of Th1 cells in the immune response?
- To mediate anti-parasitic responses and allergic reactions
- To activate macrophages and stimulate the production of ROS and NOS (correct)
- To activate B cells and provide co-stimulatory signals
- To directly kill cells infected with pathogens in the cytosol
What type of MHC proteins do CD4+ T cells bind to?
What type of MHC proteins do CD4+ T cells bind to?
What type of pathogens can B cells recognise?
What type of pathogens can B cells recognise?
What is the function of MHC Class I proteins?
What is the function of MHC Class I proteins?
What type of T cells bind to MHC Class I proteins?
What type of T cells bind to MHC Class I proteins?
What is the function of Th2 cells in the immune response?
What is the function of Th2 cells in the immune response?
What do T cells recognise through their TCR?
What do T cells recognise through their TCR?
What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in the immune response?
What is the primary function of T lymphocytes in the immune response?
Which type of T cells activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis?
Which type of T cells activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis?
What is the main function of CD4+ Th2 cells in the immune response?
What is the main function of CD4+ Th2 cells in the immune response?
What do MHC Class II proteins typically display on the cell surface?
What do MHC Class II proteins typically display on the cell surface?
Which type of T cells are responsible for killing infected cells directly?
Which type of T cells are responsible for killing infected cells directly?
What is the primary role of MHC proteins in the immune response?
What is the primary role of MHC proteins in the immune response?
Which type of immune cells primarily express MHC Class II proteins?
Which type of immune cells primarily express MHC Class II proteins?
What is the main difference between the functions of MHC Class I and II proteins?
What is the main difference between the functions of MHC Class I and II proteins?
What is the ultimate goal of T cell activation in the immune response?
What is the ultimate goal of T cell activation in the immune response?
Which type of immune response is mediated by CD4+ Th2 cells?
Which type of immune response is mediated by CD4+ Th2 cells?
What is the common feature of T cells that recognize intracellular pathogens?
What is the common feature of T cells that recognize intracellular pathogens?
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Study Notes
T Lymphocytes
- Cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response
- Consists of different populations, including:
- CD4+ (Helper T cells: Th1, Th2, TFH)
- CD8+ (Cytotoxic T cells: Tc, CTL)
CD8+ Tc Cells
- Cytotoxic and kill cells directly
- Respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells
- Prevent the spread of infection by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Th1 Cells
- Helper T cells / inflammatory T cells
- Activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis
- Stimulate production of ROS and NOS
- Mediate destruction of pathogens ingested by macrophages
Th2 Cells
- Helper T cells
- Mediate anti-parasitic response
- Mediate allergic reactions
- Activate B cells (provide co-stimulatory signal)
T Cell Binding
- Bind to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins
- 2 classes of MHC protein: Class I and II
- Class I:
- Expressed by all nucleated body cells
- CD8+ T cells (Tc) bind MHC Class I proteins
- Display peptides from cytosolic proteins
- Class II:
- Expressed by selected immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, activated B cells)
- CD4+ T cells (Th1/Th2/TFH) bind MHC Class II proteins
- Display peptides from vesicular proteins
T Lymphocytes
- Cell-mediated arm of the adaptive immune response
- Consists of different populations, including:
- CD4+ (Helper T cells: Th1, Th2, TFH)
- CD8+ (Cytotoxic T cells: Tc, CTL)
CD8+ Tc Cells
- Cytotoxic and kill cells directly
- Respond to pathogens in the cytosol of target cells
- Prevent the spread of infection by inducing programmed cell death (apoptosis)
Th1 Cells
- Helper T cells / inflammatory T cells
- Activate macrophages and allow uptake of pathogens by phagocytosis
- Stimulate production of ROS and NOS
- Mediate destruction of pathogens ingested by macrophages
Th2 Cells
- Helper T cells
- Mediate anti-parasitic response
- Mediate allergic reactions
- Activate B cells (provide co-stimulatory signal)
T Cell Binding
- Bind to Major Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) proteins
- 2 classes of MHC protein: Class I and II
- Class I:
- Expressed by all nucleated body cells
- CD8+ T cells (Tc) bind MHC Class I proteins
- Display peptides from cytosolic proteins
- Class II:
- Expressed by selected immune cells (macrophages, dendritic cells, activated B cells)
- CD4+ T cells (Th1/Th2/TFH) bind MHC Class II proteins
- Display peptides from vesicular proteins
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