Module 1 Exam Review PDF

Module 1 Exam Review Cell Structure + Know the role of the following organelles: + Mitochondria + Golgi apparatus + Cell membrane + Ribosomes Mitosis Know what How do happens in each chromatids form phase Meiosis +Know what happens...

Module 1 Exam Review Cell Structure + Know the role of the following organelles: + Mitochondria + Golgi apparatus + Cell membrane + Ribosomes Mitosis Know what How do happens in each chromatids form phase Meiosis +Know what happens in each phase +How does it differ from mitosis (see table) +What is its purpose  What cells are part of the innate immune response? Innate What are the host defenses (barriers) against infection by a immune pathogen? response What components of the innate immune system are responsible for the initial inflammatory response?  Adaptive What cells are involved in the adaptive immune response? immune response What are DAMPS, PAMPS and TLRs Which cells are responsible for creating antibodies? What is the difference between Bacteria gram positive and gram negative bacteria? Which infections are caused by endotoxins? exotoxins How do bacteria protect themselves against the cells of the innate immune system? Viruses + How do viruses replicate? + What mechanism do they use to enter the host cell + What is a retrovirus? Why is HIV classified as a retrovirus + What cells respond to viral invasion? How do they avoid surveillance in the host immune system? + Which cells are primary targets in HIV/AIDs Fungal infections + How are fungal infections transmitted? (ex inhaled spores in lung infections) + What are common fungal infections in immunosuppressed individuals? Prions +What are prions? +How do they infect the host? +What disorders are they responsible for? Inflammation +What is the difference between acute and chronic inflammation +What is the primary response to infection? Complement and Complex System +Know the 3 major pathways +classical, lectin, and alternative +What is opsonization +Know how the complements and complexes contribute to immune defense Immunoglobulins +Know the role of the different immunoglobulins in the immune system +Know the structures of the different immunoglobulins +Know what IgM and IgG indicate in determining exposure to infections Hypersensitivity Reactions +Know the four types of hypersensitivity reactions and an example of each type +Remember: ACID or ABCD A: Allergic/Anaphylactic/Atopic (Type I) C: Cytotoxic (Type II) (Blood) I: Immune complex deposition (Type III) (Complex - complement) D: Delayed (Type IV) Genetics +Know the following types of genetic transmission +Autosomal dominant +Autosomal recessive +X-linked dominant +X-link recessive +Mitochondrial CRISPR +How does CRISPR work +What are some ethical issues associated with CRISPR +(review live session video or slides Epigenetics What is a possible How does reason for increased epigenetics influence risk for chromosomal changes in the abnormalities with human genome? older maternal and/or paternal age?