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Questions and Answers
Which type of bacteria can survive in extremely salty conditions?
Which type of bacteria can survive in extremely salty conditions?
Bacteria are classified under the domain Eukarya.
Bacteria are classified under the domain Eukarya.
False
What is the shape of a Coccus bacteria?
What is the shape of a Coccus bacteria?
Circular/round
Bacteria reproduce asexually through a process known as _________.
Bacteria reproduce asexually through a process known as _________.
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Match the following bacterial shapes with their names:
Match the following bacterial shapes with their names:
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Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by bacteria?
Which of the following is NOT a disease caused by bacteria?
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Overuse and misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.
Overuse and misuse of antibiotics can lead to antibiotic resistance.
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List one way a bacterium can be classified by its metabolic processes.
List one way a bacterium can be classified by its metabolic processes.
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The exchange of genetic material between two bacteria is known as _________.
The exchange of genetic material between two bacteria is known as _________.
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What is the primary function of antibiotics?
What is the primary function of antibiotics?
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What type of disease is caused by Strep Throat?
What type of disease is caused by Strep Throat?
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Gram positive bacteria have an extra layer of lipids in their cell membranes.
Gram positive bacteria have an extra layer of lipids in their cell membranes.
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Name one example of a red algae.
Name one example of a red algae.
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The process used to determine bacterial cell wall composition is called _____ staining.
The process used to determine bacterial cell wall composition is called _____ staining.
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Match the disease with its correct type:
Match the disease with its correct type:
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Which type of protist is classified as a heterotroph?
Which type of protist is classified as a heterotroph?
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Which of the following is an example of unicellular fungi?
Which of the following is an example of unicellular fungi?
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Euglena can only be autotrophic.
Euglena can only be autotrophic.
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What phenomenon causes a red tide?
What phenomenon causes a red tide?
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All fungi are prokaryotes.
All fungi are prokaryotes.
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What is the feeding stage of plasmodial slime molds called?
What is the feeding stage of plasmodial slime molds called?
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The three categories of protists are _____.
The three categories of protists are _____.
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What type of algae is Kelp?
What type of algae is Kelp?
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The thin filaments that make up fungi are called ____________.
The thin filaments that make up fungi are called ____________.
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Match the following fungi to their examples:
Match the following fungi to their examples:
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Which type of fungus is known for forming lichens?
Which type of fungus is known for forming lichens?
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True fungi contain cellulose.
True fungi contain cellulose.
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Describe a symbiotic relationship involving bacteria and plants.
Describe a symbiotic relationship involving bacteria and plants.
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The relationship in which both partners benefit is known as __________.
The relationship in which both partners benefit is known as __________.
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Name a type of protist that helps termites digest wood.
Name a type of protist that helps termites digest wood.
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Study Notes
Microscopes
- Coarse Adjustment: Used for initial focus, the larger knob.
- Fine Adjustment: Used for precise focusing, the smaller knob.
- Objectives: Lenses that magnify the specimen, they are rotated to select different magnifications.
- Eyepiece: Lens you look through to view the magnified specimen.
- Stage: Platform where the microscope slide is placed.
Prokaryotes
- Lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
- Bacteria are classified as prokaryotes.
Bacteria
- Formerly classified in the Kingdom Monera (still sometimes referred to as Monarans).
- Currently classified into kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria.
- Can survive in harsh environments.
Thermoacidophilic Bacteria
- Thrive in extremely hot and acidic conditions.
Extreme Halophiles
- Favor environments with salt concentrations ten times higher than seawater.
Chemosynthesizers
- Convert inorganic compounds like hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and ammonia (NH3) into energy.
Bacteria Classification
- Shape (e.g., coccus, bacillus, spirillum).
- Motility (e.g., flagella, cilia).
- Metabolism (e.g., chemosynthesis, photosynthesis).
- Respiration (e.g., aerobic, anaerobic).
- Cell wall composition (e.g., Gram-positive, Gram-negative).
- Appearance of a Colony.
Bacterial Diseases
- Tetanus
- Tuberculosis (TB)
- Botulism
- Strep Throat
- Staph Infection
- Meningitis
- Typhoid Fever
- Diptheria
- Anthrax
- MRSA (Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus)
- Pneumonia
- Bubonic Plague
Bacterial vs. Viral Infections
- Antibiotics are effective against bacterial infections.
- Vaccines prevent viral infections.
Bacterial Shapes
- Coccus: Spherical or round-shaped.
- Bacillus: Rod-shaped.
- Spirillum: Spiral-shaped.
Antibiotic Resistance
- Occurs when bacteria become immune to antibiotics.
Causes of Antibiotic Resistance
- Overuse and misuse of antibiotics.
Bacterial Reproduction
- Asexual Reproduction – Binary Fission: One cell divides into two identical daughter cells.
- Sexual Reproduction – Conjugation: Exchange of genetic material between two bacteria cells.
- Transduction: A virus transfers bacterial DNA from one bacterium to another.
- Transformation: Living bacteria take up DNA from dead bacteria.
Bacterial Cell Wall Composition
- Determined by Gram Staining.
Gram-Positive Bacteria
- Possess an extra layer of lipids in their cell membrane.
Protist Categories
- Animal-like Protists (Protozoans): Heterotrophs. Classified by their method of movement.
- Plant-like Protists (Algae): Autotrophs. Known for their photosynthetic pigments.
- Fungus-like Protists: Heterotrophs. Decomposers with similarities to fungi.
Protozoan Classifications
- Sarcodinians: Move using pseudopods (e.g., amoeba).
- Zooflagellates: Move using flagella (e.g., Triconympha).
- Ciliaphorans (Ciliates): Covered in hair-like projections called cilia (e.g., Paramecium).
- Sporozoans: Non-motile, spore-forming parasites (e.g., Plasmodium).
Plant-like Protist Types
- Red Algae: Contain pigments that allow them to live in deep ocean depths.
- Brown Algae: Large, multicellular algae (e.g., kelp).
- Green Algae: Unicellular and colonial forms (e.g., Spirogyra).
Euglena
- Possess two flagella, no cell wall, and can be both autotrophic and heterotrophic.
- Can photosynthesize like plants and consume food like animals.
Unicellular Algae
- Volvox: Colonial green algae.
- Chlamydomonas and Ulua: Unicellular green algae.
Red Tide
- Blooms of dinoflagellates that produce toxins, turning the water red.
Phytoplankton
- Plankton that carry out photosynthesis.
Fungus-like Protists
- Plasmodial Slime Molds: Have a feeding stage known as "plasmodium."
- Slime Molds.
- Water Molds: Caused the Irish Potato Famine.
True Fungi
- Belong to the Kingdom Fungi.
- Have chitin in their cell walls.
- Yeast is a unicellular fungus.
- Shelf Fungi are an example of club fungi.
Symbiosis
- A relationship where both partners benefit.
Examples of Symbiotic Relationships
- Bacteria and Animals: Bacteria in our intestines aid in food digestion.
- Bacteria and Plants: Nitrogen-fixing bacteria in the soil provide nitrogen to plants.
- Protists and Insects: Termites rely on protists with bacteria to break down wood.
- Algae and Fungus (Lichens): Algae provides food through photosynthesis, while the fungus provides structure and protection.
Identifying Protists
- Amoeba: Sarcodine with pseudopods.
- Diatoms: Geometric-shaped algae.
- Paramecium: Ciliate with cilia.
- Euglena: Green, flagellated protist.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the functions of microscopes and various types of prokaryotes, including bacteria and their unique adaptations. This quiz covers essential concepts in microbiology, including thermophiles and chemosynthesis. Perfect for biology students seeking to reinforce their understanding.
