Bacteria, Protist, & Fungi Test Review Guide PDF
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This document is a review guide for a test on Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi, covering topics such as microscope parts, prokaryotes, bacteria classification, diseases, and defining key terms like coccus and bacillus. It includes details about various types of bacteria and how they are categorized. It also notes the differences in treatment for bacterial versus viral infections.
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# Bacteria, Protist, & Fungi Test Review Guide **Name:** This test will cover chapters 19, 20, and 21 (Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi). Make sure that you review these chapters as well as your notes and quizzes. Just because something is not on the review guide does not mean that it will not be on...
# Bacteria, Protist, & Fungi Test Review Guide **Name:** This test will cover chapters 19, 20, and 21 (Bacteria, Protists, and Fungi). Make sure that you review these chapters as well as your notes and quizzes. Just because something is not on the review guide does not mean that it will not be on the test!! ## **Microscopes** - You will need to know the parts of the microscope as well as how to use them. | Part | Description | |---|---| | A. Coarse Adjustment | The large knob; used for initial focus | | B. Fine Adjustment | The part which you look through | | C. Objectives | The microscope slide goes here | | D. Eyepiece | | | E. Stage | When on the highest power this is the only type of focus you use. | ## **Prokaryotes** - lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles. ## **Bacteria** - Used to be classified in the Kingdom Monera and are still sometimes referred to as Monarans. - Now classified into the kingdoms Eubacteria and Archaebacteria - Are bacteria prokaryotes or eukaryotes? **Circle correct answer**. - Known for living in harsh environments. ## **Thermoacidophilic Bacteria** - Live in places with high temperatures and high acidity ## **Extreme Halophiles** - Like conditions that are 10 times saltier than seawater. ## **Chemosynthesizers** - Bacteria are able to convert inorganic compounds (chemicals like H<sub>2</sub>S and NH<sub>3</sub>) into energy. ## **List 4 ways by which bacteria can be classified:** - Shape - Motility - Metabolism - Respiration - Cell wall composition - Appearance of a Colony ## **List 5 diseases that are caused by bacteria:** - Tetnus - TB - Botulism - Strep Staph - Meningitis - Typhold Fever - Diptheria - Anthrax - MERSA - Pneumonia - Bubonic Plague ## Differences in treatment for bacterial vs. viral infections: - **Antibiotics kill bacteria, vaccines prevent viral infections** ## **Define the following:** - **Coccus:** Circular/round shaped bacteria - **Bacillus:** Rod shaped bacteria - **Spirillum:** Spiral shaped bacteria - **Antibiotic Resistant:** When a strain of bacteria becomes immune to an antibiotic. ## **What are some things that can cause the answer to #14?** - Overuse & misuse of antibiotics ## **Define the following:** - **Asexual - Binary Fission:** one cell simply divides "Splits" into 2 identical cells - **Sexual - Conjugation:** exchange of genetic material between 2 cells - **Transduction:** A virus is used to transport bacterial DNA from one bacteria cell to another. - **Transformations:** When living bacteria will "pick up" DNA from dead bacteria. ## **Bacterial cell wall composition** - Can be determined using a process called **Gram Staining** ## **Gram Positive Bacteria** - Have an extra layer of lipids in their cell membranes. ## **Is the disease caused by a Bacteria (B), a Protist (P), or a Fungus (F)** | Disease | Type | |---|---| | BTB | B | | Malaria | P | | African Sleeping Sickness | P | | Anthrax | B | | Strep Throat | B | | Thrush | F | | Amoebic Dysentery | P | | Athlete's Foot | F | | Giardia | P | | MRSA | B | | Botulism | B | ## **Found in:** | Food | Bacteria | |---|---| | Undercooked contaminated beef | A. Listeria | | 100% of poultry | B. Campylobacter | | Soft cheeses & hot dogs | C. E. coli | | Skin | D. Salmonella | | Chicken, but can be on vegetables | E. Staph. aureus | ## **The 3 categories of protist are:** - Animal-like - Plant-like - Fungi-like ## **The animal-like protists are the heterotrophs** ## **Protozoans are classified by their movement** ## **Define:** - **Sarcodinians:** move around by pseudopod "false foot" ex: amoeba - **Zooflagellates:** use flagella to move ex: Triconympha - **Ciliaphorans:** cilliates; covered in hair like projections. ex: parameciu - **Sporozoans:** DO NOT MOVE! Spore forming parasites ex: Plasmodium ## **You need to know the parts of a paramecium** ## **The 3 types of plant-like protists are:** - Red - Brown - Green Algae ## **The prefix "rhodo" means?** - Red Plant ex. paramecium ## **The pigment in red algae allows them to do what?** - **Live in deep depths b/c they can harvest light** ## **An example of a colonial green algae is Spirogyra** ## **Kelp is a type of brown algae.** ## **What unique ability do euglena possess?** - Has 2 flagellas, no cell wall, & can be both autotrophic & heterotrophic. ## **Two examples of unicellular algae are:** - Volvox - Chlamydomonas & Ulua ## **What is a red tide and what causes it?** - Blooms of dinoflagellate produce toxins turning the water red ## **Plankton that carry out photosynthesis are called phytoplankton** ## **3 types of fungus-like protists are:** - Plasmodial - Slime mold - Water mold ## **Why are fungus-like protists not real fungus?** - Because true fungi have chitin in their cell walls. ## **With plasmodial slime molds, the Plasmodium is known as the feeding stage.** ## **A water mold caused the Irish Potato Famine.** ## **True fungi are in the Kingdom Fungi** ## **An example of unicellular fungi is Yeast** ## **True fungi contain Chitin which is a carbohydrate also found in insects.** ## **An example of club fungi is shelf fungus** ## **Are fungi prokaryotes or eukaryotes? Circle** ## **The type of fungi in which "puff balls" are classified is sac fungi.** ## **The thin filaments that make up fungi are called hyphae.** ## **Mushrooms fall under the category of Club fungi.** ## **What is symbiosis?** - **A relationship in which both partners benefit.** ## **Describe a symbiotic relationship involving bacteria and animals?** - **Bacteria in our intestines helps break down food** ## **Describe a symbiotic relationship involving bacteria and plants?** - **Nitrogen-fixing bacteria** ## **Describe a symbiotic relationship involving protists and insects?** - **Mutualism: The bacteria in protists help termites eat wood** ## **A symbiotic relationship involving algae and fungus forms a lichen.** ## **Identify the following:** - **Ameoba** - **Note the geometric shape Diatom** - **Paramecium** - **Green in color Euglena**
