Cell Biology and Microscopy

Common Features of Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes possess a cell membrane surrounding their cells.
• Genetic information is housed in DNA, which serves as the blueprint for protein synthesis in both types of cells.
• Ribosomes are present in both, facilitating the process of protein synthesis.

Benefits of Nomarski (DIC) Optics

• Nomarski differential interference contrast (DIC) microscopy enhances contrast in transparent samples, making cellular structures more visible.
• Provides a three-dimensional appearance to specimens, allowing for better visualization of morphology and internal details.
• Useful in observing live cells without staining, preserving their natural state.

Differences Between Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes

• Prokaryotes lack a membrane-bound nucleus, while eukaryotes have a defined nucleus containing their DNA.
• Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler in structure compared to eukaryotic cells.
• Eukaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles (like mitochondria and endoplasmic reticulum), absent in prokaryotes.

Advantages of Electron Microscopy Over Light Microscopy

• Electron microscopy offers significantly higher resolution, allowing observation of structures at the nanometer scale.
• Capable of providing detailed images of cellular organelles and surface structures that cannot be seen with light microscopy.
• Utilizes electron beams instead of light, enabling visualization of fine details beyond the limits of optical microscopy.

Non-Living, Non-Dividing Entities

• Viruses are NOT made of living, dividing cells; they require a host cell to replicate.
• Prions, made up of misfolded proteins, also do not constitute living cells and lack cellular structure.
• Components like dead plant materials or synthesized polymers do not fall under the category of living dividing cells.

Test your knowledge on basic cell biology and microscopy in this mid-semester quiz for MMED 1008. Explore topics such as prokaryotes, eukaryotes, DNA structure, Nomarski optics, and more. Challenge yourself and enhance your understanding of cell biology concepts.