Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of the endocrine system?
What is the term used to describe the constant state of the internal environment?
What do hormones regulate in the body?
What is released in small amounts from glands and transported in the bloodstream to target organs or cells?
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Which gland is considered the master gland in the endocrine system?
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What would happen if homeostasis fails?
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What is the primary function of hormones in the body?
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Which gland produces hormones that stimulate or suppress hormone secretions?
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What is the result of an excess of thyroxine in the body?
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What is the term for the body's automatic response to perceived threats?
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What is the role of the pituitary gland in hormone regulation?
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What would be the result of a break in the hormone regulation pathway?
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What is the primary purpose of responding to stimuli in humans?
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What is the term used to describe a change in the environment?
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What do human senses include?
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What happens when a stimulus is detected by a sensor?
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Where can the signal from a sensor be processed?
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What is the charge of a neutron?
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What is the number of electrons in the first shell of an atom?
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What is the relationship between the number of protons and electrons in an atom?
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What is the term for the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around the nucleus of an atom?
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What is the atomic number of an atom equal to?
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What is the atomic mass of an atom equal to?
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the second shell?
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Calcium has an atomic number of 20. What is the electronic configuration of the element Calcium (Ca)?
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What do the circles represent in a Dot & Cross diagram?
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Chlorine has an atomic number of 17. What is the electronic configuration of the element Chlorine (Cl)?
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What happens to the particles in a liquid as they are heated?
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What is a molecule?
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What is the term for the fundamental building block of all materials?
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What happens to the particles in a gas as it is cooled?
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What is the term for a pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined?
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What occurs when the particles in a gas are cooled?
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What is the fundamental building block of all materials?
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What is the term for a pure substance that is made up of two or more different types of atoms chemically combined?
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What is matter?
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What are the three main states of matter on Earth?
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What is a characteristic of particles in a solid?
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What happens to the shape of a liquid when it is poured into a container?
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What determines the amount of space an object takes up?
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What is the reason for a substance to change from one physical state to another?
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What happens to the particles in a solid as the temperature increases?
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What is the state of matter where particles have the highest energy?
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What happens to the particles in a liquid as they are cooled during freezing?
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What is the process where particles in a liquid escape to form a gas?
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What is the state of matter where particles are held in a fixed position by the forces of attraction?
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What do living objects have that detect forms of energy from the world around them?
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What is the term for the reaction of the organism to the stimulus?
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What happens when the internal environment of the body is not maintained at a constant state?
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What is the primary function of the endocrine glands?
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What is the relationship between the endocrine system and homeostasis?
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What is the term used to describe the process of maintaining a constant internal environment?
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What is the process where particles in a liquid escape to form a gas?
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What happens to the particles in a gas as it is cooled?
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What is the result of particles in a liquid coming together to form a liquid droplet?
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What is necessary for a substance to change from one physical state to another?
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What happens to the particles in a solid as the temperature increases?
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What is the state of matter where particles have the highest energy?
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What holds particles together in a liquid?
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What happens to the particles in a liquid as they are cooled during freezing?
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What determines the amount of space an object takes up?
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What are the three main states of matter on Earth?
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What is the term for the smallest particle that all matter is made of?
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How many electrons can the first shell of an atom hold?
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What is formed when two or more different types of atoms are bonded together?
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What is the term for the arrangement of atoms in an element?
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What is the purpose of the atomic number of an element?
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What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?
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What is the location of protons and neutrons in an atom?
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What is the maximum electron capacity of the 2nd shell?
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What is the term for a substance made up of only one type of atom?
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What is the charge of an electron?
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What is the term for a group of atoms bonded together?
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What determines the identity of an element?
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What is the role of the endoplasmic reticulum in protein synthesis?
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What is the function of chloroplasts in plant cells?
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What is the fundamental unit of life?
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What is a common characteristic of plant and animal cells?
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What is the third principle of the cell theory?
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What is a way to classify living organisms?
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What is a characteristic of unicellular organisms?
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third shell of an atom?
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What is the principle that states that electrons occupy the lowest available energy level?
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What is the term used to describe the arrangement of electrons in an atom's electron shells?
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What is the capacity of the first shell of an atom?
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What is the term used to describe the energy levels that electrons occupy around the nucleus of an atom?
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What determines the element of an atom?
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What is the maximum number of electrons that can occupy the third shell?
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What determines the arrangement of elements in a periodic table?
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Which part of an atom has a positive charge?
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What is the outermost energy level of an atom called?
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What is the term for the number of protons and neutrons in an atom's nucleus?
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Study Notes
Endocrine System
- The primary function of the endocrine system is to regulate various bodily functions through hormone production.
- The endocrine system maintains homeostasis, a constant state of the internal environment.
- Hormones regulate growth, development, and various bodily functions.
Hormones
- Hormones are released from glands in small amounts and transported through the bloodstream to target organs or cells.
- The pituitary gland is considered the master gland in the endocrine system, as it regulates hormone secretion.
- Hormones stimulate or suppress hormone secretions in other glands.
Homeostasis
- Homeostasis is the process of maintaining a constant internal environment.
- Failure to maintain homeostasis can lead to disease or death.
- The primary function of hormones in the body is to maintain homeostasis.
Stimulus and Response
- The primary purpose of responding to stimuli in humans is to maintain homeostasis.
- A stimulus is a change in the environment, detected by sensors.
- The signal from a sensor can be processed in the brain or spinal cord.
Atomic Structure
- The atomic number of an atom is equal to the number of protons in the nucleus.
- The atomic mass of an atom is equal to the sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
- The maximum number of electrons that can occupy the first shell is 2, and the second shell is 8.
Electronic Configuration
- The electronic configuration of an element is the arrangement of electrons in energy levels around the nucleus.
- The electronic configuration of Calcium (Ca) is 2, 8, 8, 2.
- The electronic configuration of Chlorine (Cl) is 2, 8, 7.
States of Matter
- The three main states of matter on Earth are solid, liquid, and gas.
- A characteristic of particles in a solid is that they are held in a fixed position by the forces of attraction.
- The shape of a liquid changes when it is poured into a container.
- The amount of space an object takes up is determined by its particles.
Atomic Particles
- A molecule is a group of atoms bonded together.
- The fundamental building block of all materials is the atom.
- Matter is anything that occupies space and has mass.
Cell Biology
- The fundamental unit of life is the cell.
- A common characteristic of plant and animal cells is that they have a cell membrane.
- The third principle of the cell theory states that cells can only arise from pre-existing cells.
- A way to classify living organisms is through their cellular structure.
Proteins and Chloroplasts
- The role of the endoplasmic reticulum is to synthesize proteins.
- The function of chloroplasts in plant cells is to produce energy through photosynthesis.
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Description
Learn about electron shells, their capacities, and the arrangement of electrons in atoms, also known as electron configuration.