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Questions and Answers
What is not a characteristic of life?
What is not a characteristic of life?
- Adaptation
- Spontaneous generation (correct)
- Reproduction
- Energy use
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
What is the primary function of carbohydrates?
- Facilitate immune responses
- Store genetic information
- Provide structural support in cells
- Main source of energy (correct)
What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?
What is the role of the independent variable in an experiment?
- It is measured during the experiment
- It is the final result of the experiment
- It remains constant throughout the experiment
- It is changed by the scientist (correct)
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
During which phase of the cell cycle does DNA replication occur?
Which of the following correctly pairs the DNA bases?
Which of the following correctly pairs the DNA bases?
What component is not part of a nucleotide?
What component is not part of a nucleotide?
What is the primary role of proteins in the body?
What is the primary role of proteins in the body?
Which of these best describes homeostasis?
Which of these best describes homeostasis?
What is the genotype of a homozygous tall plant?
What is the genotype of a homozygous tall plant?
When crossing a homozygous white squash plant with a yellow plant, what is the genotype of the yellow plant?
When crossing a homozygous white squash plant with a yellow plant, what is the genotype of the yellow plant?
In the Punnett square for the colorblindness trait, what is the probability of having a colorblind child from a female carrier and a normal male?
In the Punnett square for the colorblindness trait, what is the probability of having a colorblind child from a female carrier and a normal male?
What alleles correspond to the short trait in plants?
What alleles correspond to the short trait in plants?
What is the expected genotype for the offspring when a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant?
What is the expected genotype for the offspring when a heterozygous tall plant is crossed with a homozygous short plant?
If a boy is colorblind and his father is not colorblind, which parent could be a carrier of the colorblindness trait?
If a boy is colorblind and his father is not colorblind, which parent could be a carrier of the colorblindness trait?
Which of the following letters represents the dominant allele for white fruit color in summer squash?
Which of the following letters represents the dominant allele for white fruit color in summer squash?
What gametes can a homozygous white squash plant produce?
What gametes can a homozygous white squash plant produce?
What percentage of adenine would be present if 30% of a DNA molecule is guanine?
What percentage of adenine would be present if 30% of a DNA molecule is guanine?
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
What is the longest phase of the cell cycle?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
Which of the following is NOT a stage of mitosis?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
How many daughter cells are produced at the end of meiosis?
Which of the following correctly describes a diploid cell?
Which of the following correctly describes a diploid cell?
Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
Which of the following is a difference between mitosis and meiosis?
What is the name of the structure formed during DNA replication?
What is the name of the structure formed during DNA replication?
What is the correct term for sex cells in humans?
What is the correct term for sex cells in humans?
Flashcards
Homeostasis
Homeostasis
The ability of an organism to maintain a stable internal environment, despite external changes.
DNA Replication
DNA Replication
The process by which DNA makes an exact copy of itself.
S Phase
S Phase
The phase in the cell cycle where DNA is copied.
Nucleotide
Nucleotide
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DNA Bases
DNA Bases
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Control Variable
Control Variable
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Independent Variable
Independent Variable
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Dependent Variable
Dependent Variable
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Interphase
Interphase
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Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis
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Metaphase
Metaphase
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Telophase
Telophase
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Haploid
Haploid
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Diploid
Diploid
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Homozygous
Homozygous
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Heterozygous
Heterozygous
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Dominant Allele
Dominant Allele
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Recessive Allele
Recessive Allele
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Punnett Square
Punnett Square
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Phenotype
Phenotype
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Genotype
Genotype
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Sex-linked Trait
Sex-linked Trait
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Study Notes
Biology Final Exam Review - Semester 1
- Unit 1: SciLife
- Characteristics of life: reproduction, energy, adaptation, cells, homeostasis, growth, respond to stimuli, organization,
- Homeostasis: maintaining a constant internal environment
- Steps of the scientific method: research question, hypothesis, experimentation, data analysis, conclusion
- Control variable: a factor that is held constant to compare the experiment to.
- Independent variable: a factor changed by the scientist
- Dependent variable: a factor measured by the scientist, dependent on the independent variable.
- Qualitative data: descriptive data (tall), Quantitative data: numerical data (3 cm)
- Example experiment: testing light effects on plant growth. Control (no light), independent (light amount), dependent (plant growth). Answers will vary.
Unit 2: Macromolecules
- Carbohydrates:
- Monomer: monosaccharide (e.g., glucose, fructose, ribose, sucrose, deoxyribose)
- Polymer: polysaccharide (e.g., starch, cellulose)
- Function: main energy source
- Nucleic Acids:
- Monomer: nucleotide
- Polymer: DNA, RNA
- Function: stores and transmits genetic information
- Proteins:
- Monomer: amino acid
- Polymer: polypeptide
- Function: support, movement, immunity, regulation
- Lipids:
- Monomer: 3 fatty acids + glycerol
- Examples: fats, oils, waxes, steroids
- Function: store energy, biological membranes
Unit 3: DNA
- DNA replication: DNA unwinds, base pairs match up, each semi-conservative strand is re-wound.
- DNA is replicated during the S phase of Interphase.
- DNA replication ensures identical copies in each new cell.
- Nucleotide components: phosphate, sugar (deoxyribose), base
- DNA bases: Adenine, Guanine, Cytosine, Thymine. (A-T, G-C)
- If 30% of DNA is guanine, 20% will be Adenine.
- DNA shape: double helix or twisted ladder
Unit 4: Cell Division
- Cell cycle phases: Interphase (G1, S, G2), Mitosis (Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase), Cytokinesis
- Interphase is the longest phase.
- Mitosis produces 2 identical cells.
- Meiosis produces 4 non-identical cells. -Differences between mitosis and meiosis: number of cells produced, genetic makeup of daughter cells, type of cells (somatic/gametes)
- Chromosome number after mitosis: same as parent cell.
- Chromosome number after meiosis: half of parent cell
Unit 5: Genetics
-
Alleles are different forms of a gene.
-
Each gene has 2 alleles (one from each parent).
-
Homozygous dominant: TT, Homozygous recessive: tt, Heterozygous Tt
-
Dominant allele: tall plant allele is T
-
Recessive allele: short plant allele is t
- Example problem: A homozygous white squash plant is crossed with a yellow squash plant and the percentage chance of producing a yellow-fruit offspring is 0%.
Unit 6
- Definitions: Haploid (N), Diploid (2N), Gamete, Somatic cell, autosome
- Reproduction cycles: mitosis (somatic cells), meiosis (sex cells)
- Number of daughter cells after mitosis: 2
- Number of daughter cells after meiosis: 4
- Karyotype: picture of chromosomes
Unit 7: Additional Topics
- Colorblindness is a sex-linked trait.
- Sex-linked traits are passed on via X chromosomes.
- A colourblind boy has father who is not colorblind, mother is a carrier. There is a 25% chance that the boy's children will have colorblindness.
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