Biology Scientific Method Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following best describes an independent variable in an experiment?

The variable kept constant throughout the experiment.

The variable that is not measured in the experiment.

The variable that is manipulated or changed by the researcher. (correct)

The variable that responds to changes made to the independent variable.

What type of data is represented by measurable and numerical information?

Qualitative data, which describes characteristics.

Quantitative data, which includes descriptions. (correct)

Qualitative data, which includes numerical values.

Quantitative data, which encompasses observations without numbers.

What is the primary function of enzymes in biological reactions?

To increase the temperature of reactions.

To permanently alter the chemical composition of reactants.

To lower the activation energy needed for a chemical reaction. (correct)

To serve as reactants themselves.

Which of the following correctly describes the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?

Prokaryotic cells lack membrane-bound organelles, while eukaryotic cells have them. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following properties of water is responsible for surface tension?

Hydrogen bonding between water molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the four large biomolecules?

Minerals Signup and view all the answers

What process describes the breakdown of polymers into monomers with the addition of water?

Hydrolysis Signup and view all the answers

What defines a hypertonic solution in relation to a cell?

It has a higher concentration of solute than the cell. Signup and view all the answers

Which type of transport requires energy input from ATP?

Active transport Signup and view all the answers

In the fluid mosaic model, which component primarily aids in the transport of substances across the membrane?

Proteins Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the Calvin cycle in photosynthesis?

To convert carbon dioxide into glucose Signup and view all the answers

Which phase of the cell cycle is characterized by DNA replication?

S phase Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of mitosis in terms of chromosome number?

Chromosome number remains the same Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is responsible for synthesizing new DNA strands during replication?

DNA polymerase Signup and view all the answers

Which process involves the engulfing of solid particles by a cell?

Phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a part of the cellular respiration process?

Calvin cycle Signup and view all the answers

How can certain drugs affect enzyme function?

By binding to the active site and blocking substrates Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Scientific Method

Steps: Observation, Question, Hypothesis, Prediction, Experiment, Analyze Data, Conclusion, Retest/Refine.
Qualitative Data: Descriptive, non-numerical data (e.g., color, texture).
Quantitative Data: Numerical data (e.g., measurements, counts).
Independent Variable: Manipulated variable in an experiment.
Dependent Variable: The measured variable in an experiment.
Control Group: Receives no treatment or a standard treatment, used for comparison.
Experimental Group: Receives the treatment being tested.
Hypothesis: Testable explanation for an observation.
Scientific Theory: Well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world, supported by a large body of evidence.
Lab Report: A formal description of an experiment, including materials, methods, results, and discussion.

Biology Concepts

Properties of Life: Organization, Growth & Development, Response to Environment, Reproduction, Adaptation and Evolution, Metabolism (use energy and materials)
Biological Organization: Atom → Molecule → Macromolecule → Organelle → Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism → Population → Community → Ecosystem → Biosphere.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells: Prokaryotes lack membrane-bound organelles; Eukaryotes possess membrane-bound organelles.
Domains & Kingdoms: Three domains (Bacteria, Archaea, Eukarya) and six kingdoms (Bacteria, Archaea, Protista, Fungi, Plantae, Animalia) to categorize all living organisms.
Ecosystem Processes: Chemical cycling (nutrient movement) and energy flow (transfer of energy through organisms) are fundamental ecosystem processes.
Water Properties: Polarity, hydrogen bonding, cohesion, adhesion, universal solvent, high specific heat, high heat of vaporization, high surface tension. This is crucial for life.
Organic Compounds: Carbon-based molecules; crucial for organic compounds are hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen.
Chemical Reactions: Building (dehydration synthesis) and breaking (hydrolysis) monomers into polymers; Endergonic (absorbs energy) and Exergonic (releases energy) reactions. Catabolic (break down) and anabolic (build up) reactions
Four Large Biomolecules: Carbohydrates (sugars), Lipids (fats), Proteins (amino acids), Nucleic Acids (nucleotides). Describe monomers and functions.
Protein Structure: Primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary structures determine protein function.
Enzyme Function & Denaturation: Enzymes lower activation energy; denaturation disrupts their structure and function.
Bonding: Covalent bonds share electrons; ionic bonds transfer electrons.
Solutions: Aqueous solutions have water as a solvent; solutes are dissolved in solvents.

Cells

Cell Organelles & Function: Different cell organelles have specific roles in cell processes; cell organelle work together to perform a common function.
Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cells (comparisons): Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus, membrane-bound organelles. Eukaryotic cells contain a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Cell Membrane: Fluid mosaic model, phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
Cell Transport: Passive transport (diffusion, osmosis, facilitated diffusion) moves substances down the concentration gradient; active transport (endocytosis, exocytosis) moves substances against the concentration gradient.
Solutions (isotonic, hypertonic, hypotonic): Isotonic solutions have equal solute concentration; hypertonic solutions have a higher solute concentration; hypotonic solutions have a lower solute concentration.
ATP's Role: Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) is the primary energy currency of the cell. Cellular work is driven by the release of energy when ATP is broken down from ATP-ADP.
Photosynthesis & Cellular Respiration: Chemical processes that transform energy. Photosynthesis converts light energy to chemical energy (sugars); Cellular respiration breaks down sugars to release energy.
Photosynthesis Chemical Equation: 6CO2 + 6H2O + Light Energy → C6H12O6 + 6O2.
Cellular Respiration Chemical Equation: C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + Energy (ATP)

Genetics

Chemical Structure of DNA: DNA is a double helix; made up of nucleotide monomers. Location and role of DNA in cells.
DNA Replication: Process of copying DNA before cell division; semiconservative model creates two identical DNA molecules
Chromosomes: Structures containing DNA; homologous chromosomes, sister chromatids.
Types of Mutations: Missense, nonsense, insertion, deletion, silent, point.
DNA Technology: Describe different DNA technologies and their uses.
Surface Area/Volume Ratio & Multicellularity: Larger organisms are multicellular to increase surface area relative to volume.
Cell Division: Essential for growth, repair, and reproduction in both prokaryotic and eukaryotic organisms.
Mitosis (steps): Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase.
Cytokinesis (plant vs. animal): Cytokinesis involves divisions in cytoplasm. Animal cells have a cleavage furrow, while plant cells form a cell plate.
Mitosis End Product: Two identical diploid daughter cells.
Cancer and Mitosis: Cancer results from uncontrolled cell division.
Bases in DNA: Adenine, Cytosine, Guanine, Thymine.

Additional Concepts

Evolutionary History: Early work, scientists, and discoveries related to evolution.
Homeostasis: The maintaining of a stable internal environment.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the scientific method and basic biology concepts. This quiz covers key terms like independent and dependent variables, data types, and the steps of the scientific process. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of foundational biology.