Questions and Answers
What is the primary role of pulmonary surfactant in the lungs?
Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in newborns?
What is the estimated pool size of surfactant in full-term infants?
Which treatment option is commonly used for managing RDS?
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Which of the following descriptions best characterizes the radiological findings in RDS?
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Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing Respiratory Distress Syndrome?
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What biochemical composition primarily makes up pulmonary surfactant?
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Which physiological response is indicative of respiratory distress in newborns?
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What is the purpose of homogenizing the pig’s brain in an ether-alcohol mixture?
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What is the primary chemical function of potassium bisulphate (KHSO4) in this experiment?
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What compound is produced when glycerol is heated with KHSO4?
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During the experiment, what happens to the 2/3 portion of the ether-alcohol extract after being evaporated?
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In this procedure, what is the result of treating fat with alcoholic KOH?
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What is the significance of using glass beads in the Erlenmeyer flask during heating?
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What odor is notably associated with the dehydration of glycerol in this experiment?
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What is the primary observation noted when heating the glycerol solution with KHSO4?
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What is the main purpose of heating the aqueous layer to reduce it to about 20 ml?
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Which chemical is mentioned as part of the extraction process before the test on lecithin?
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What is observed when the acrolein test on glycerol yields a burnt odor?
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What is the significance of filtering the precipitate after mixing with ether and acetone?
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During the test on lecithin, which of the following solutions is initially added to the syrup consistency?
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In the context of the described process, what does the term 'surfactants' refer to?
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What is likely the expected outcome when adding a few drops of the lecithin solution into water?
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What final step is performed after the ether extract has been combined with acetone?
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What role does surfactant play in the alveoli during respiration?
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What is the primary component of lung surfactant responsible for reducing surface tension?
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What is the consequence of insufficient surfactant production in preterm infants?
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What percentage of lung surfactant is made up of lipids?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor that can lead to Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS) in adults?
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What is the composition ratio of proteins to lipids in lung surfactant?
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What condition is directly associated with damaged surfactant-producing pneumocytes in adults?
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Why is maintaining adequate surfactant levels critical for lung function?
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Which statement accurately describes the primary function of Type II alveolar epithelial cells?
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What is the significance of the L/S ratio in assessing fetal lung maturity?
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What is the primary role of lipids in the surfactant system?
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During which stage of lung development do the components of the surfactant system begin to appear?
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In which scenario might respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) occur in adults?
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What is primarily contained in lung surfactant?
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What characterizes the canalicular stage of lung development?
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Which cells are primarily responsible for forming the alveolar wall?
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Study Notes
Lipids and Glycerol Experiments
- Homogenize 30 grams of pig's brain with an ether-alcohol mixture.
- Filter the homogenized material to obtain an ether-alcohol extract, which contains total lipids.
- Prepare a test solution by combining powdered KHSO4 with glycerol and heating to produce a distinctive odor indicating dehydration.
- The presence of triglycerides can be identified using the acrolein test, where glycerol is dehydrated to form acrolein under heat, emitting a pungent smell.
- Isolate lecithin from the remaining lipid extract by concentrating it and adding ether followed by acetone, resulting in a precipitate that is mostly lecithin.
Respiratory Distress Syndrome (RDS)
- RDS primarily affects preterm infants due to inadequate pulmonary surfactant.
- Surfactant, a mix of phospholipids (70%-80%) and proteins (10%), reduces surface tension in the alveoli to prevent collapse.
- Treatment options include prenatal corticosteroids and postnatal surfactant replacement therapy for infants with RDS.
- Alveolar maturity can be assessed by the L/S ratio (lecithin/sphingomyelin) in amniotic fluid; a ratio of 2 or above indicates lung maturity.
Composition and Function of Pulmonary Surfactant
- Surfactant consists of approximately 90% lipids, primarily dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine (DPPC), and 10% proteins.
- Key roles of surfactant include:
- Lowering surface tension, facilitating easier inflation of alveoli during inhalation.
- Preventing atelectasis by reducing the pressure needed to reinflate collapsed alveoli.
Pathophysiology of RDS
- Insufficient surfactant production leads to RDS, which is a major cause of neonatal mortality in Western countries.
- Adults can also experience RDS if surfactant-producing pneumocytes are damaged by factors such as infection or trauma.
Key Development Stages of Surfactant
- Type II alveolar epithelial cells synthesize surfactant and become functional around 24-34 weeks of gestation.
- The canalicular stage of lung development occurs between 16-26 weeks.
- Alveoli develop throughout the last trimester and into the early postnatal months, impacting surfactant production and infant respiratory health.
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Description
This quiz covers the experimental procedure for extracting total lipids from pig's brain using an ether-alcohol mixture. It includes steps such as homogenization, filtration, and reaction observations. Test your knowledge on the techniques and chemical processes involved in lipid analysis.