29 Questions
Which organic compounds make up lipids?
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
How do lipids compare to carbohydrates in terms of hydrogen content?
Lipids have higher hydrogen content than carbohydrates
In which solvents are lipids soluble?
Ether, chloroform, benzene, acetone
What percentage of the body's energy requirement is fulfilled by lipids?
30%
Where are lipids widely distributed in plants and animals?
Plants: nuts and seeds; Animals: subcutaneous depots and nervous system
What are some food sources rich in lipids?
Milk, egg, meat, nuts, seeds
What is the major unit of lipids?
Fatty acids
Which statement best describes the biological significance of lipids?
Lipids act as fuel in the body and provide essential fatty acids
What is the role of essential fatty acids in the body?
They reduce inflammation and help regulate blood pressure
How do lipids protect the body from excessive heat or cold?
By insulating the body and preventing heat loss
What are breakdown products of fats used for?
Building biologically active materials like cholesterol
Which type of vitamins require lipids for absorption?
Fat-soluble vitamins
What is the main storage form of fatty acids and chemical energy?
Triacylglycerol (TAG)
Which fatty acids are typically derived from plant sources and are liquid at room temperature?
Polyunsaturated fatty acids
Which type of lipids contain a phosphate group and are essential for constructing biological membranes?
Phospholipids
What are the sources of essential fatty acids that must be obtained from the diet?
Both saturated and unsaturated fats
What is the main function of glycolipids?
Act as cell membrane receptors
Which type of fatty acids have no double bonds and are usually derived from animal sources?
Saturated fatty acids
What is the classification of lipids that include simple and complex types?
Dietary lipids
Which type of lipids are insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents?
Simple lipids
What are the two essential fatty acids for humans?
Alpha-linolenic acid and linoleic acid
Which type of vitamins are usually stored in the body?
Fat-soluble vitamins
What is the main component of triacylglycerol (TAG)?
Glycerol and three fatty acids
Which of the following is NOT a component of lipoproteins?
Hemoglobin
What is the most important animal sterol?
Free cholesterol
Where is cholesterol widely distributed in the body?
Nerves
What is the important biological function of cholesterol related to membrane lipids?
Structural component
How is vitamin D3 synthesized in the body from cholesterol?
In the skin under UV light
7
Study Notes
- Vitamins A, D, E, and K are fat-soluble vitamins, requiring lipids for absorption
- Lipids are classified into simple and complex types
- Simple lipids are esters of fatty acids and alcohols
- Triacylglycerol (TAG) is a simple lipid consisting of glycerol and three fatty acids, functioning as the main storage form of fatty acids and chemical energy
- Triacylglycerol is insoluble in water but soluble in fat solvents and exists in solid (fats) or liquid (oils) form depending on fatty acid composition
- Lipids are also classified as saturated, unsaturated, monounsaturated, polyunsaturated, and essential fatty acids
- Essential fatty acids are not produced by the body and must be obtained from the diet, with linoleic acid and alpha-linolenic acid being essential for humans
- Saturated fatty acids are usually derived from animal sources, solid at room temperature, and have no double bonds, such as palmitic acid, while monounsaturated and polyunsaturated fatty acids are typically derived from plant sources and are liquid at room temperature
- Sources of fatty acids include saturated (milk, cheese, butter) and unsaturated (olives, avocados) forms, with polyunsaturated and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids having particular health benefits
- Complex lipids include phospholipids, glycolipids, and other complex lipids
- Phospholipids, such as lecithin, contain a phosphate group and are essential for constructing biological membranes and functioning as a carrier for triglycerides and cholesterol in the plasma
- Glycolipids, found mainly in the myelin sheath and red blood cell membranes, act as cell membrane receptors and provide recognition properties.
By Ahmed Safaa Telegram channel : https://t.me/mcqb2
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