Questions and Answers
What is the mRNA sequence for the DNA strand TACCATCGATTGGAAGACCTTAACGAGCTAACT?
AUGGUAGCUAACCUUCUGGAAUUGCUCGAUUGA
What process is mRNA synthesized in?
Transcription
Where does transcription occur and why?
Nucleus, because that's where DNA is stored.
What is a codon?
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How many codons equal 1 amino acid?
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How many nucleotides equal 1 amino acid?
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What is an anticodon?
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Where are anticodons located?
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What is the purpose of anticodons?
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What is a polypeptide a sequence of?
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What kind of bonds hold polypeptide sequences together?
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What does tRNA transfer to the ribosome?
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How do you know where to begin translating?
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How do you know when to stop translating?
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In what two places in the cell can translation occur?
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Where does DNA replication take place in humans?
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What is a sequence of nucleotides that codes for a specific protein called?
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Which nucleotides are found in RNA from eukaryotes?
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What do the molecules of DNA contain?
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Name the three types of bonds present in DNA/RNA.
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What's the monomer of DNA?
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What are the steps in DNA replication?
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What are the steps in transcription?
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What are the steps in translation?
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Describe the semi-conservative model of DNA replication.
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What is a chromosome?
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What are genes?
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What is a nucleotide?
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What is a codon?
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Study Notes
DNA and mRNA
- DNA strand example: TACCATCGATTGGAAGACCTTAACGAGCTAACT
- Corresponding mRNA: AUGGUAGCUAACCUUCUGGAAUUGCUCGAUUGA
- Amino acid sequence produced from mRNA: Met-Val-Ala-Asn-Leu-Leu-Uga-Glu-Leu-Leu-Asp-STOP
Transcription Process
- mRNA is synthesized during transcription.
- Occurs in the nucleus where DNA is stored.
Codons and Anticodons
- A codon consists of three nucleotides in mRNA.
- Each codon translates to one amino acid.
- Anticodons are three unpaired bases on tRNA that complement mRNA codons.
- Anticodons are located on tRNA and play a role during translation.
Translation Mechanism
- Starts when the ribosome encounters the start codon AUG.
- Stops at the stop codon UGA.
- Translation occurs in the cytoplasm and on ribosomes.
Polypeptides and Amino Acids
- Polypeptides are sequences of amino acids.
- Peptide bonds connect amino acids in a polypeptide.
- tRNA is responsible for transferring amino acids to the growing polypeptide chain.
DNA Replication
- Replication takes place during interphase, particularly in the S phase.
- Results in the formation of identical DNA strands via unzipping of the double helix.
Genes and Nucleotides
- A gene is a nucleotide sequence coding for specific traits.
- RNA in all eukaryotes consists of adenine, uracil, guanine, and cytosine.
- DNA is made up of a phosphate group, a sugar, and a nitrogen base.
Bonds in Nucleic Acids
- DNA/RNA features three types of bonds: peptide, hydrogen, and covalent.
- Nucleotides are the monomers of nucleic acids.
Biological Processes
- Transcription involves unzipping DNA, matching RNA nucleotides for copying, and releasing mRNA into the cytoplasm.
- During translation, mRNA attaches to the ribosome, which reads codons and facilitates tRNA in delivering matched amino acids, eventually forming a protein.
Structure of Chromosomes
- Chromosomes are threadlike structures composed of nucleic acids and proteins, carrying genetic information.
- Genes act as functional units in hereditary transmission.
Semi-Conservative Replication
- DNA replication is semi-conservative; it preserves half of the original DNA in each daughter molecule formed after replication.
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Description
Test your knowledge on biology concepts regarding DNA, mRNA synthesis, and transcription. This quiz includes key terms along with definitions that outline fundamental processes in genetics. Brush up on your understanding of molecular biology with these flashcards.
