Biology Characteristics of Living Organisms

Carl Linnaeus is significant for establishing the binomial naming system and the hierarchical classification of organisms.

'MRS.GREN' stands for Movement, Respiration, Sensitivity, Growth, Reproduction, Excretion, and Nutrition, which are characteristics that distinguish living organisms from non-living matter.

Single-celled organisms typically reproduce asexually by dividing into two, while multicellular organisms can reproduce either sexually or asexually.

<p>Excretion plays a critical role by removing waste products and toxic materials, helping maintain internal homeostasis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The five kingdoms are: Animalia (no cell walls), Plantae (photosynthetic), Monera (unicellular, no nucleus), Fungi (spore-reproducing), and Protista (diverse unicellular organisms).</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They become turgid due to water entering, but they don't burst because of the cell wall.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It will turn black or blue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A succession of color changes from turquoise to brick red.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The solution will turn violet or purple.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A white emulsion forms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Simple carbohydrates are monosaccharides, while complex carbohydrates are polysaccharides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It consists of three fatty acid molecules combined with one glycerol molecule.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They act as biological catalysts that speed up metabolic reactions without being consumed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It is the region where the substrate binds, resulting in the enzyme-substrate complex.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The substrate is the molecule that binds to the enzyme, while the product is what is formed after the reaction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rising temperature increases kinetic energy, speeding up reactions, but extreme temperatures can denature enzymes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Denaturation is the permanent alteration of an enzyme's structure, preventing it from functioning.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Anabolic reactions use energy to synthesize more complex molecules from simpler ones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Catalysts, like enzymes, speed up reactions without being consumed, while substrates are transformed into products.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Extreme pH levels can slow down enzyme actions or even denature them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chloroplasts are responsible for photosynthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Animal cells lack cell walls and chloroplasts, while plant cells have cell walls made of cellulose and contain chloroplasts.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Osmosis is the movement of water molecules from an area of high water potential to an area of low water potential through a selectively permeable membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ribosomes are responsible for synthesizing proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Higher temperatures increase the kinetic energy of molecules, causing them to move faster and diffuse more quickly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The plant cell will take in water and swell, potentially reaching turgor pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The nucleus controls cellular activities and is the site of ribosome synthesis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active transport involves the movement of particles against their concentration gradient, requiring energy from respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A larger surface area allows for faster diffusion by facilitating more particles to pass through simultaneously.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Red blood cells would lose water and shrivel due to osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Lysosomes engulf foreign bodies and aid in cellular renewal by digesting material.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A tissue is a group of similar cells that work together to perform a specific function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ciliated cells move mucus and trapped particles from the respiratory tract to keep the lungs clean.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To detect the presence of starch in the sample.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase breaks down starch into glucose; protease breaks down proteins into amino acids.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical digestion involves breaking food into smaller pieces without chemical change, while chemical digestion involves breaking down food into smaller soluble molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It kills harmful microorganisms and provides the optimal pH for enzyme activity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Bile neutralizes stomach acid and emulsifies fats, breaking them into smaller droplets for easier digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dental decay begins when bacteria feed on sugars, producing acid that dissolves enamel and forms cavities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vitamin D assists in the absorption of calcium and is crucial for maintaining healthy teeth and bones.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fiber adds bulk to undigested food, aiding peristalsis and promoting a healthy digestive system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Amylase breaks down starch into reducing sugars, primarily in the mouth and duodenum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fats provide energy, insulation, and are necessary for the functioning of hormones and cell membranes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A balanced diet contains all essential nutrients in the correct proportions to maintain good health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Essential fatty acids support growth, cell functions, and are crucial for nerve and brain function.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Digestive enzymes facilitate the breakdown of food, which is crucial for metabolism and nutrient absorption.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mastication mechanically breaks down food into smaller pieces, increasing the surface area for digestion.</p> Signup and view all the answers