Biology Chapter on Stem Cells and Tumors
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of stem cells?

  • To replicate and maintain the overall cell count in the body.
  • To transport nutrients and oxygen throughout the body.
  • To differentiate into specialized cells with specific functions. (correct)
  • To trigger the immune response in the body.

    • Which of the following is NOT a type of adult stem cell?

  • Epithelial stem cells
  • Hematopoietic stem cells
  • Totipotent stem cells (correct)
  • Mesenchymal stem cells

    • Which of the following is NOT considered a non-cancerous tumor?

  • Molluscum contagiosum
  • Epulis
  • Melanoma (correct)
  • Keratoacanthoma

    • What is metaplasia, as described in the text?

    <p>The transformation of one fully differentiated cell type into another fully differentiated cell type. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic that distinguishes a neoplasm from a normal tissue growth?

    <p>A neoplasm grows uncontrollably even after the stimulus that initiated growth is removed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of metaplasia, as mentioned in the text?

    <p>A deficiency of vitamin A. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Ectropion, also known as cervical erosion, is a condition characterized by:

    <p>The transformation of glandular epithelium into squamous epithelium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of metaplasia occurs in the covering epithelium?

    <p>Squamous cell metaplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements accurately describes the difference between a hamartoma and a choristoma?

    <p>Hamartomas are composed of normal tissues in an abnormal amount, while choristomas are composed of normal tissues in an abnormal location. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of metaplasia mentioned in the text?

    <p>Hematopoietic metaplasia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of metaplasia of connective tissue?

    <p>Myositis ossificans traumatica (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between dysplasia and metaplasia?

    <p>Dysplasia involves changes in cell size and shape, while metaplasia involves changes in cell function. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can metaplasia be considered an adaptive process?

    <p>It allows cells to better adapt to new environmental conditions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a benign tumor of fibrous tissue?

    <p>Fibroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a malignant tumor arising from skeletal muscle cells?

    <p>Rhabdomyosarcoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a neoplasm?

    <p>Autonomous growth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of a benign tumor?

    <p>Well-defined borders (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to a tumor that projects above a mucosal surface?

    <p>Polyp (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic feature of a sarcoma?

    <p>Originates from mesenchymal tissue (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a type of malignant tumor?

    <p>Chondrosarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a benign tumor of glandular tissue?

    <p>Adenoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is a benign, focal malformation in the tissue of its origin, characterized by an abnormal amount of normal tissue?

    <p>Hamartoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of metaplasia can be observed in the endometrium, often associated with hyperestrogenism?

    <p>Squamous metaplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these statements best describes the difference between a tumor and a neoplasm?

    <p>A tumor is a mass of tissue, while a neoplasm is a mass of tissue that grows excessively. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these conditions is an example of metaplasia of connective tissue that can turn into cartilage or bone?

    <p>Myositis ossificans traumatica (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a FALSE statement regarding the difference between benign and malignant tumors?

    <p>Benign tumors are always encapsulated, while malignant tumors are never encapsulated. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used for a benign tumor of cartilage?

    <p>Chondroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms describes a tumor that projects above a mucosal surface?

    <p>Polyp (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tumor is characterized by malignant cells from blood vessels?

    <p>Angiosarcoma (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms denotes a benign tumor of fibrous tissue?

    <p>Fibroma (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tumor is characterized by malignant cells from glandular tissue?

    <p>Adenocarcinoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic that distinguishes a neoplasm from a normal tissue growth?

    <p>Neoplasms have an uncoordinated and excessive rate of growth. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the general term for a malignant tumor that originates in epithelial tissue?

    <p>Carcinoma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A tumor with finger-like projections is called a...

    <p>Papilloma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these tissue-type switching variations is considered an abnormal transition?

    <p>Embryonic stem (ES) transformation (A), Dysplasia (B), Transdifferentiation (C), Metaplasia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary cause of squamous cell metaplasia?

    <p>Deficiency of vitamin A (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of glandular metaplasia?

    <p>Appearance of goblet cells in bladder epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of metaplasia?

    <p>The replacement of one mature cell type by another (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is considered a local cause of metaplasia?

    <p>Chronic inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Under what circumstances can metaplasia be considered a beneficial process?

    <p>When it helps the tissue adapt to new conditions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of metaplasia is observed in the stomach during chronic gastritis?

    <p>Glandular metaplasia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of metaplasia?

    <p>It is associated with changes in DNA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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