Biology Chapter: Cell Structure and Functions
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of microfilaments in a cell?

  • Aid in locomotion and movement of substances. (correct)
  • Facilitate understanding of genetic material.
  • Organize spindle fibers during mitosis.
  • Provide structural support. (correct)

    • What is the structure that organizes spindle fibers during mitosis?

  • Centrioles (correct)
  • Microfilaments
  • Cell wall
  • Cilia

    • What is the composition of the cell wall in plant cells?

  • Cellulose (correct)
  • Lipids
  • Peptidoglycan
  • Chitin

    • Which structure is NOT present in animal cells?

    <p>Cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure facilitates cell movement in many organisms?

    <p>Flagella</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the nucleolus within the nucleus?

    <p>Production of ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What property of microtubules and microfilaments allows cells to change shape?

    <p>Dynamic assembly and disassembly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the cell wall of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>It provides structural support and maintains cell shape.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process of autolysis primarily responsible for?

    <p>Self-destructing damaged or dying cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle is directly involved in the modification and folding of proteins?

    <p>Rough ER</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stages occurs in cellular respiration?

    <p>Citric acid cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do lysosomes play in a cell?

    <p>Degrading and recycling cellular debris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main outcome of photosynthesis in plant cells?

    <p>Synthesis of glucose from light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes what happens to NAD⁺ during cellular respiration?

    <p>It gains electrons and is reduced to NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does mitochondria play beyond ATP production?

    <p>Influencing gene expression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the transport of proteins to their destinations?

    <p>Vesicular transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What evidence supports the endosymbiotic theory regarding mitochondria and chloroplasts?

    <p>They have double membranes and their own DNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which feature is characteristic of prokaryotic cells?

    <p>Simpler structure with no nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does cholesterol play in the plasma membrane?

    <p>Maintains membrane fluidity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about eukaryotic cells is correct?

    <p>They contain membrane-bound organelles.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the plasma membrane?

    <p>To form a selective barrier for substance movement.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which mechanism describes the movement of water through aquaporins?

    <p>Osmosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of transport mechanism does not require energy?

    <p>Facilitated diffusion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the plasma membrane aids in cell recognition?

    <p>Carbohydrates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the C4 photosynthetic pathway?

    <p>It minimizes water loss in hot climates.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does isocitrate dehydrogenase play in cellular respiration?

    <p>It catalyzes a key step in the Krebs cycle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the Calvin Cycle?

    <p>It synthesizes carbohydrates using ATP and NADPH.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced as a byproduct of cellular respiration?

    <p>Carbon dioxide and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During glycolysis, how many ATP molecules are net gained?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the 'splitting' step of glycolysis?

    <p>A 6-carbon compound splits into two 3-carbon molecules.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the CAM photosynthetic pathway?

    <p>CO₂ is absorbed at night and released during the day.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the light-dependent reactions of photosynthesis?

    <p>To convert light into chemical energy and produce ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary output of the preparatory reaction where pyruvate is converted into acetyl-CoA?

    <p>Carbon Dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the Krebs Cycle, how many CO₂ molecules are released per cycle?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does oxygen play in the Electron Transport Chain?

    <p>It serves as a final electron acceptor.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net yield of ATP from one glucose molecule after two turns of the Krebs Cycle?

    <p>2 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the fate of pyruvate in anaerobic conditions for animal cells?

    <p>It is converted into lactic acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP are generated from each NADH molecule in eukaryotes during aerobic respiration?

    <p>3 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of ATP production shifting to glycolysis when oxygen is deprived?

    <p>Decreased efficiency of ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What compound is primarily produced during alcohol fermentation?

    <p>Ethanol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of photosynthesis?

    <p>Generates oxygen and glucose from light energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process directly generates ATP by transferring a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP?

    <p>Substrate-level phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In eukaryotic cells, how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose through cellular respiration?

    <p>36 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impacts the efficiency of material exchange in cells as they grow larger?

    <p>Surface area-to-volume ratio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?

    <p>C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one challenge faced by large cells in terms of transport?

    <p>Slow diffusion over large distances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about oxidative phosphorylation is true?

    <p>It uses ATP synthase to produce ATP using energy from electron carriers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a significant scientific breakthrough related to photosynthesis?

    <p>Photosynthesis efficiency was enhanced by disabling protective mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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