Biology: Chapter 7 Stems Outline

What is the primary function of the vascular rays in woody dicotyledonous stems?

To conduct nutrients and water laterally

What is the purpose of the cork cambium (phellogen) in many plants?

To reduce water loss and protect the stem against injury

How do the annual rings in woody dicotyledonous stems indicate the age of a tree?

Each annual ring represents one year's growth of the tree

What is the role of the vascular cambium in the secondary growth of stems?

It produces secondary xylem towards the center and secondary phloem towards the surface Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between the tissue patterns of herbaceous and woody dicotyledonous stems?

Woody stems have annual rings, while herbaceous stems do not Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the lenticels in the cork layer of many plants?

To exchange gases Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the bud scales and leaf primordia that protect the apical meristem?

To shield the apical meristem from damage before the growing season begins Signup and view all the answers

Which of the three primary meristems gives rise to the epidermis?

Protoderm Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the leaf gaps and bud gaps in the cylinder of vascular tissue?

To provide access points for the leaf and bud traces Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the procambium in the development of the stem?

It produces the primary xylem and phloem Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the apical meristem at the stem tip?

To contribute to the increase in stem length Signup and view all the answers

What do tyloses in stems prevent?

Conduction of water Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wood lacks fibers or vessel elements?

Softwood Signup and view all the answers

What do laticifers in stems primarily secrete?

Latex Signup and view all the answers

Which type of cutting results in boards showing annual rings as irregular bands of light and dark streaks?

Tangentially cut Signup and view all the answers

What makes up about 60-75% of the dry part of wood?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the wood is composed of about 15-25% lignin?

Dry part Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the region of the stem between two nodes?

Internode Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the angle between the petiole and the stem?

Axil Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a leaf arrangement pattern on a twig?

Radial Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of bud scales?

To protect the buds Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to the paired, often leaf-like appendages at the base of a leaf?

Stipules Signup and view all the answers

What feature can be used to identify trees in winter?

Bundle scars Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary use of wood in the United States and Canada?

Lumber for construction Signup and view all the answers

What plant structures are characterized by swollen, fleshy, underground stems that store food?

Tubers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following plant structures are composed almost entirely of stem tissue, with papery leaves?

Corms Signup and view all the answers

What are the knots found on wood?

Bases of lost branches covered by new annual rings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a specialized stem that grows above ground and has long internodes?

Runner Signup and view all the answers

What is the second most widespread use of wood after lumber?

Pulp Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the apical meristem at the stem tip?

To increase stem length Signup and view all the answers

What do leaf primordia develop into?

Mature leaves Signup and view all the answers

What do traces in stems branch off from?

Xylem and phloem cylinder Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of ground meristem in stems?

To produce pith and cortex Signup and view all the answers

What fills the gaps left by traces in the cylinder of vascular tissue?

Parenchyma cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the area of the stem where leaves are attached?

Node Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of lenticels in the cork layer of many plants?

To allow gas exchange Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of bud scales?

To protect the apical meristem Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for the angle between the petiole and the stem?

Axil Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of vascular rays in woody dicotyledonous stems?

To store food Signup and view all the answers

How do the annual rings in woody dicotyledonous stems indicate the age of a tree?

Each ring represents one year of growth Signup and view all the answers

What type of stem tissue patterns do conifers have?

Softwood Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of tyloses in woody stems?

Prevent conduction of water Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common resin-secreting tropical flowering plant found in some woody dicotyledonous stems?

Frankincense Signup and view all the answers

In what type of cutting are annual rings shown as irregular bands of light and dark streaks?

Tangentially cut Signup and view all the answers

What is the main component of the dry part of wood, making up about 60-75% of it?

Cellulose Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of laticifers found mostly in phloem of young stems?

Secrete latex Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the vascular cambium in woody dicotyledonous stems?

To produce secondary xylem and phloem, leading to radial growth Signup and view all the answers

Which tissue is responsible for the lateral conduction of nutrients and water in woody dicotyledonous stems?

Vascular rays Signup and view all the answers

How do the annual rings in the xylem of woody dicotyledonous stems indicate the age of a tree?

Each ring represents one year's growth of xylem Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cork cambium (phellogen) in many plants?

To reduce water loss and protect the stem from injury Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of lenticels in the cork layer of many plants?

To facilitate the exchange of gases Signup and view all the answers

In herbaceous dicotyledonous stems, where are the vascular bundles arranged?

In a cylinder near the center of the stem Signup and view all the answers

What are knots in wood?

Bases of lost branches covered by new annual rings Signup and view all the answers

Biology: Chapter 7 Stems Outline

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the vascular rays in woody dicotyledonous stems?

What is the purpose of the cork cambium (phellogen) in many plants?

How do the annual rings in woody dicotyledonous stems indicate the age of a tree?

What is the role of the vascular cambium in the secondary growth of stems?

What is the primary difference between the tissue patterns of herbaceous and woody dicotyledonous stems?

What is the function of the lenticels in the cork layer of many plants?

What is the purpose of the bud scales and leaf primordia that protect the apical meristem?

Which of the three primary meristems gives rise to the epidermis?

What is the purpose of the leaf gaps and bud gaps in the cylinder of vascular tissue?

What is the role of the procambium in the development of the stem?

What is the function of the apical meristem at the stem tip?

What do tyloses in stems prevent?

Which type of wood lacks fibers or vessel elements?

What do laticifers in stems primarily secrete?

Which type of cutting results in boards showing annual rings as irregular bands of light and dark streaks?

What makes up about 60-75% of the dry part of wood?

Which part of the wood is composed of about 15-25% lignin?

What is the name given to the region of the stem between two nodes?

What is the term used for the angle between the petiole and the stem?

Which of the following is NOT a leaf arrangement pattern on a twig?

What is the function of bud scales?

What is the name given to the paired, often leaf-like appendages at the base of a leaf?

What feature can be used to identify trees in winter?

What is the primary use of wood in the United States and Canada?

What plant structures are characterized by swollen, fleshy, underground stems that store food?

Which of the following plant structures are composed almost entirely of stem tissue, with papery leaves?

What are the knots found on wood?

Which of the following is a specialized stem that grows above ground and has long internodes?

What is the second most widespread use of wood after lumber?

What is the role of the apical meristem at the stem tip?

What do leaf primordia develop into?

What do traces in stems branch off from?

What is the primary function of ground meristem in stems?

What fills the gaps left by traces in the cylinder of vascular tissue?

What is the term for the area of the stem where leaves are attached?

What is the function of lenticels in the cork layer of many plants?

What is the primary purpose of bud scales?

What is the term used for the angle between the petiole and the stem?

What is the primary function of vascular rays in woody dicotyledonous stems?

How do the annual rings in woody dicotyledonous stems indicate the age of a tree?

What type of stem tissue patterns do conifers have?

What is the primary function of tyloses in woody stems?

Which of the following is a common resin-secreting tropical flowering plant found in some woody dicotyledonous stems?

In what type of cutting are annual rings shown as irregular bands of light and dark streaks?

What is the main component of the dry part of wood, making up about 60-75% of it?

What is the purpose of laticifers found mostly in phloem of young stems?

What is the primary function of the vascular cambium in woody dicotyledonous stems?

Which tissue is responsible for the lateral conduction of nutrients and water in woody dicotyledonous stems?

How do the annual rings in the xylem of woody dicotyledonous stems indicate the age of a tree?

What is the primary function of the cork cambium (phellogen) in many plants?

What is the purpose of lenticels in the cork layer of many plants?

In herbaceous dicotyledonous stems, where are the vascular bundles arranged?

What are knots in wood?

What is the most widespread use of wood after lumber?

Which of the following is a specialized stem that stores food?

What are the "eyes" of a potato?

What is the primary use of wood in developing countries?

What are cladophylls?

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