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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of roots in a plant?
What is the primary function of roots in a plant?
What type of stem is characterized by being soft and green?
What type of stem is characterized by being soft and green?
What is the main function of the veins in a leaf?
What is the main function of the veins in a leaf?
What is the primary function of petals in a flower?
What is the primary function of petals in a flower?
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What is the main function of the seed coat?
What is the main function of the seed coat?
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Study Notes
Plant Parts
Roots
- Underground plant structures that absorb water and nutrients from the soil
- Anchor the plant in place and store food
- Types:
- Taproot: single, main root that grows straight down (e.g., carrots)
- Fibrous root: many small roots that spread out (e.g., grasses)
- Adventitious root: roots that grow from stems or leaves (e.g., ivy)
Stems
- Above-ground plant structures that support the plant and transport materials
- Functions:
- Support leaves, flowers, and fruits
- Transport water, nutrients, and sugars between roots and leaves
- Store food and water
- Types:
- Herbaceous stem: soft, green stem that dies back to the ground at the end of the growing season (e.g., tomato plants)
- Woody stem: hard, brown stem that persists for many years (e.g., trees)
Leaves
- Organs that carry out photosynthesis, producing energy for the plant
- Structure:
- Blade (lamina): flat part of the leaf where photosynthesis occurs
- Petiole: stalk that attaches the leaf to the stem
- Veins: tubes that transport water, nutrients, and sugars
- Functions:
- Absorb light energy and convert it into chemical energy
- Release oxygen and absorb carbon dioxide
- Regulate water loss through transpiration
Petals
- Colorful, often fragrant structures that attract pollinators (e.g., bees, butterflies)
- Typically found in flowers, which are reproductive structures
- Functions:
- Attract pollinators to facilitate fertilization
- Protect the reproductive organs (stamens and pistils)
- Provide nectar and other rewards for pollinators
Seeds
- Reproductive structures that contain the embryo of a new plant
- Functions:
- Contain stored food and nutrients for the developing embryo
- Protect the embryo from environmental stressors
- Facilitate dispersal and germination of the new plant
- Structure:
- Seed coat: protective outer layer
- Endosperm: stored food and nutrients
- Embryo: immature plant that will grow into a new individual
Plant Parts
Roots
- Absorb water and nutrients from the soil, anchor the plant, and store food
- Taproot: single, main root that grows straight down (e.g., carrots)
- Fibrous root: many small roots that spread out (e.g., grasses)
- Adventitious root: roots that grow from stems or leaves (e.g., ivy)
Stems
- Support leaves, flowers, and fruits, transport materials, and store food and water
- Herbaceous stem: soft, green stem that dies back to the ground at the end of the growing season (e.g., tomato plants)
- Woody stem: hard, brown stem that persists for many years (e.g., trees)
Leaves
- Carry out photosynthesis, producing energy for the plant
- Consist of blade (lamina), petiole, and veins
- Absorb light energy, convert it into chemical energy, and release oxygen
- Regulate water loss through transpiration
Flowers and Petals
- Colorful, often fragrant structures that attract pollinators (e.g., bees, butterflies)
- Attract pollinators to facilitate fertilization, protect reproductive organs, and provide nectar and rewards
Seeds
- Contain the embryo of a new plant, stored food and nutrients, and protect the embryo
- Consist of seed coat, endosperm, and embryo
- Facilitate dispersal and germination of the new plant
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Description
Learn about the different types of roots and stems, their functions and characteristics in plants.