Plant Anatomy: Shoots and Stems

The Shoot System

• Develops from the plumule after embryo in the seed
• Grows above ground and consists of a stem bearing branches, leaves, flowers, and fruits

Types of Buds

• Vegetative buds: develop into leaves, branches, or other vegetative parts of the plant
• Reproductive or flower buds: develop into flowers or groups of flowers

Typical Stem Structure

• Has leaves at regular intervals (nodes) with buds at the axle of the leaf
• Has a terminal bud at the growing point
• Internodes are the lengths of stem between nodes
• Typically stands erect from the ground

Functions of Stems

• Connects the root system to the leaves and flowers of the shoot system
• Supports all parts of the shoot system, including branches, leaves, buds, flowers, and fruits
• Facilitates absorption of maximum sunlight through leaf arrangement
• Transports water and dissolved minerals and nutrients from roots to leaves
• Transports food (e.g., sugars) made in leaves to other parts of the plant where needed or stored

Transport in the Stem

• Network of tubes (xylem and phloem) transport water, food, and other substances throughout the plant
• Xylem: consists of xylem vessels, responsible for carrying water from roots through stem and veins in leaves
• Phloem: made of sieve tubes, responsible for carrying food made in leaves to other parts of the plant

This quiz covers the basics of the shoot system in plants, including the plumule, stem, branches, leaves, and buds. Learn about the different types of buds and their functions.