Biology Chapter 2: Male Reproductive System
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Biology Chapter 2: Male Reproductive System

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary secretion produced by the seminal vesicles?

  • Prostate-specific antigen
  • Sodium chloride
  • Citric acid
  • Fructose (correct)

    • Which component is NOT secreted by the prostate gland?

  • Prostate-specific antigen
  • Citric acid
  • Prostaglandins (correct)
  • Seminalplasmin

    • What is the role of bicarbonate ions in the secretions of the accessory sex glands?

  • To provide energy to sperm cells
  • To neutralize acidic environments (correct)
  • To form semen
  • To enhance sperm motility

    • What is the approximate size and shape of the prostate gland?

    <p>Size of a chestnut</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What would happen to sperm cells in the absence of alkaline fluid during ejaculation?

    <p>They would die due to acidity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the primary layers of the scrotum?

    <p>Skin and dartos muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the scrotum?

    <p>To support and regulate the temperature of the testes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what temperature does normal sperm production typically occur?

    <p>34°C</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the cremaster and dartos muscles when the temperature of the testes drops below 34°C?

    <p>They contract to preserve heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the dartos muscle respond to cold temperatures?

    <p>It contracts, tightening the scrotum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following structures is associated with the testes within the scrotum?

    <p>Cremaster muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the scrotum help to absorb body heat?

    <p>By bringing the testes closer to the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the protective function of the scrotum?

    <p>It protects against physical damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the cremaster and dartos muscles in relation to the testes?

    <p>To regulate the temperature of the testes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process called that describes the production of sperm within the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Spermatogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells are found sandwiched between developing sperm cells in the seminiferous tubules?

    <p>Sertoli cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long does it take for spermatogenesis to fully occur?

    <p>2½ months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the testes when the body temperature increases above 34°C?

    <p>The cremaster muscle and dartos muscle relax.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is NOT part of the spermatic cord?

    <p>Ejaculatory ducts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component covers and supports the internal structure of each testis?

    <p>Connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the ejaculatory ducts during ejaculation?

    <p>To propel sperm into the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Leydig cells in the testes?

    <p>To secrete hormones such as testosterone.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following terms refers to the male reproductive glands?

    <p>Testicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the bulbospongiosus muscle during ejaculation?

    <p>To squeeze the urethra</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does NOT form a part of the male reproductive duct system?

    <p>Seminal vesicles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ejaculation, why doesn't urine enter the urethra?

    <p>The urinary sphincter is closed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cells line the ejaculatory ducts?

    <p>Epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which accessory gland does NOT contribute secretions during ejaculation?

    <p>Vas deferens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the urethra in males?

    <p>To convey urine and semen out of the body</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of erectile tissue in the penis?

    <p>To facilitate an erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of the penis contains the urethra?

    <p>Corpus spongiosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What initiates the relaxation of smooth muscle in the penile arteries during erection?

    <p>Nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does blood affect the rigidity of the penis during an erection?

    <p>Blood fills the erectile tissue and compresses penile veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does the spinal cord play in the process of erection?

    <p>It coordinates the reflex for erection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the corpora cavernosa?

    <p>There are two corpora cavernosa in the penis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does sexual stimulation have on the penile tissues?

    <p>It triggers the release of nitric oxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of the dilation of penile arteries during an erection?

    <p>Expansion of erectile tissue with blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Components of the Male Reproductive System

    • Comprises the penis, scrotum, testes, various ducts (epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory ducts, urethra), and accessory sex glands.

    Scrotum

    • A protective sac surrounding the testes, composed of skin (outer layer) and dartos muscle (inner smooth muscle).
    • Supports, protects, and regulates the temperature of the testes to maintain around 34°C, essential for sperm survival.
    • Temperature regulation mechanism:
      • Contraction occurs when temperatures drop (e.g., cold exposure), bringing testes closer to the body for heat absorption and tightening the scrotum to reduce heat loss.
      • Relaxation happens with increased temperatures (e.g., hot exposure), moving testes away from the body to dissipate heat and loosening the scrotum for increased heat loss.

    Testes

    • Male gonads producing sperm; each testis is surrounded by connective tissue, seminiferous tubules, and Leydig cells.
    • Sertoli cells within seminiferous tubules nourish and protect developing sperm, crucial for spermatogenesis.
    • Spermatogenesis takes approximately 75 days to produce sperm.

    Duct System

    • Ejaculatory Ducts: Formed by the union of the vas deferens and seminal vesicle; contains smooth muscle that contracts during ejaculation to propel semen into the urethra.
    • Urethra: Terminal pathway extending from the bladder through the prostate and penis, delivering semen and urine separately. Lacks muscle within its wall; utilizes bulbospongiosus muscle for ejaculation.

    Accessory Sex Glands

    • Contribute secretions during ejaculation to form semen:
      • Seminal Vesicles: Paired glands secreting fructose, alkaline fluid, and prostaglandins.
      • Prostate Gland: Single gland secreting citric acid, seminalplasmin, and prostate-specific antigen (PSA).
      • Bulbourethral Glands: Also known as Cowper's glands, produce mucus and an alkaline fluid.

    Semen Composition

    • Mixture of sperm and secretions from accessory glands, appearing milky white.
    • Contains:
      • Sperm and fructose (nutrient for ATP production)
      • Alkaline fluid (neutralizes acidity in the urethra and vagina to protect sperm)

    Erectile Tissue and Penis Function

    • Penis contains three cylindrical masses of erectile tissue:
      • Two corpora cavernosa and one corpus spongiosum, with the urethra running through the latter.
    • Erection occurs via a reflex mechanism; sexual stimulation releases nitric oxide (NO), causing penile artery dilation and blood inflow.
    • The resulting engorgement compresses nearby veins, maintaining blood retention and resulting in penile rigidity.

    Summary of Functions

    • Penis serves as the male organ of sexual intercourse, facilitating erection and ejaculation.
    • Erection is characterized by increased rigidity and blood flow, while ejaculation propels semen out of the body.

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    Description

    Explore the components of the male reproductive system in this quiz based on Chapter 2 of the biology textbook. Understand the anatomy and functions of key structures such as the testes, scrotum, and various ducts. Test your knowledge of essential terms and concepts related to male reproductive health.

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