Biology Chapter 13: Plant Growth and Development
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Questions and Answers

Why does the vegetative phase precede flowering in a plant?

  • To allow the plant to establish a strong root system
  • To ensure the plant reaches a certain size and maturity before investing energy in reproduction (correct)
  • To prevent the plant from facing nutritional deficiencies
  • To enable the plant to produce energy through photosynthesis

    • What are the main components that make up all plant organs?

  • Cells originating from the roots
  • A variety of tissues (correct)
  • Differentiated cells only
  • Only tissues specialized for photosynthesis

    • What is the relationship between the structure of a cell, a tissue, an organ, and their function?

  • The function of an organ has no connection to its structure
  • There is a complex relationship between the structure and function of cells, tissues, and organs (correct)
  • The structure of a cell determines the function of an organ
  • There is no relationship between structure and function in plants

    • What are all cells of a plant descended from?

    <p>Zygote</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What two processes make up development in a plant?

    <p>Growth and differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is growth at a cellular level primarily a consequence of?

    <p>Increase in protoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is growth typically measured?

    <p>Increase in cell number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the growth parameter used to measure the growth of a pollen tube?

    <p>Length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does a dorsiventral leaf exhibit growth?

    <p>Increase in surface area</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many new cells per hour can a single maize root apical meristem give rise to?

    <p>17,500</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three phases into which the period of growth is generally divided?

    <p>Meristematic, elongation, maturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ethylene in promoting plant growth?

    <p>Promoting root growth and root hair formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which compound is commonly used as a source of ethylene in agriculture?

    <p>Ethephon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of ethylene on fruit ripening in tomatoes and apples?

    <p>Hastens ripening</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does abscisic acid play in seed germination?

    <p>Inhibiting seed germination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the observation made by Charles Darwin and his son Francis Darwin regarding canary grass coleoptiles?

    <p>They grew towards the light source.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which physiological process does ABA inhibit?

    <p>Stomata closure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which plant growth regulator was isolated from the coleoptile tips of oat seedlings by F.W. Went?

    <p>Auxin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does ABA contribute to plant tolerance to stresses?

    <p>By increasing the tolerance of plants to various kinds of stresses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the role of ethylene, the gaseous plant growth regulator, in growth activities?

    <p>It was an inhibitor of growth activities.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What caused the 'bakanae' disease in rice seedlings?

    <p>Gibberella fujikuroi fungal pathogen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How were the symptoms of the 'bakanae' disease induced in rice seedlings as reported by E. Kurosawa?

    <p>By treating with sterile filtrates of a fungus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which major group of plant growth regulators does abscisic acid belong to?

    <p>Auxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of turgidity in plant cells?

    <p>Facilitates extension growth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is water important for plant growth?

    <p>Water is essential for cell enlargement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which environmental factor is crucial for certain phases of plant growth?

    <p>Temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process when cells differentiate and mature to perform specific functions?

    <p>Differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural changes occur in cells during differentiation to form a tracheary element?

    <p>Loss of protoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do nutrients contribute to plant growth?

    <p>Nutrients act as a source of energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

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