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Questions and Answers
What is the direction of growth movement in plant transport determined by?
What is the direction of growth movement in plant transport determined by?
What is the term for the arrangement of leaves on a stem?
What is the term for the arrangement of leaves on a stem?
What is responsible for making the plant taller and longer?
What is responsible for making the plant taller and longer?
Which type of transport is driven by water moving from xylem to phloem near sources?
Which type of transport is driven by water moving from xylem to phloem near sources?
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What is the process by which water moves throughout the plant, pushing nutrients along the way?
What is the process by which water moves throughout the plant, pushing nutrients along the way?
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What is the term for the removal of waste products from the plant?
What is the term for the removal of waste products from the plant?
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What is the function of companion cells in plant nutrition?
What is the function of companion cells in plant nutrition?
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What is the term for the process by which plants maintain a stable internal environment?
What is the term for the process by which plants maintain a stable internal environment?
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What is the term for a plant's response to light?
What is the term for a plant's response to light?
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Which of the following is an example of a plant's response to gravity?
Which of the following is an example of a plant's response to gravity?
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Which type of tropism is responsible for a plant's response to touch?
Which type of tropism is responsible for a plant's response to touch?
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What is the term for a plant's response to water?
What is the term for a plant's response to water?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of plant response to stimuli?
Which of the following is NOT a type of plant response to stimuli?
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What determines the direction of plant transport growth?
What determines the direction of plant transport growth?
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Which of the following responses is related to plant reproduction?
Which of the following responses is related to plant reproduction?
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What is the term for a plant's growth movement whose direction is determined by the direction from which the stimulus strikes the plant?
What is the term for a plant's growth movement whose direction is determined by the direction from which the stimulus strikes the plant?
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What is the main function of desmosomes in cells?
What is the main function of desmosomes in cells?
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Which process requires the presence of oxygen?
Which process requires the presence of oxygen?
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What is the byproduct of pyruvate reduction in lactic acid fermentation?
What is the byproduct of pyruvate reduction in lactic acid fermentation?
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What is the term for an organism's ability to respond to internal or external stimuli?
What is the term for an organism's ability to respond to internal or external stimuli?
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Which type of reproduction involves the union of sex cells?
Which type of reproduction involves the union of sex cells?
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What is the term for the combination of simple molecules to form complex substances?
What is the term for the combination of simple molecules to form complex substances?
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What is the byproduct of pyruvate reduction in alcohol fermentation?
What is the byproduct of pyruvate reduction in alcohol fermentation?
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Which process involves the breakdown of complex substances into simpler molecules?
Which process involves the breakdown of complex substances into simpler molecules?
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Study Notes
Plant Movements
- Hydrotropism: plant response to water
- Gravitropism/Geotropism: plant response to gravity
- Phototropism: plant response to light
- Thigmotropism: plant response to touch
- Plant Transport: growth movement whose direction is determined by the direction from which the stimulus strikes the plant
Reproduction in Plants
- Asexual reproduction: new plant arises from vegetative parts, no seed formation
- Sexual reproduction: new plant arises from reproductive part, fruits and seeds are formed
Organic Compounds
- Made up of carbon and hydrogen bonds
- Macromolecules are large molecules made up of building blocks called monomers acquired from food
- Examples of carbohydrates: monosaccharides (glucose, fructose, galactose), disaccharides (sucrose, maltose, lactose), polysaccharides (starch, glycogen)
- Proteins: molecules with different functions in living things, examples: enzymes, antibodies, muscle fiber
- Lipids: molecules such as fats, oils, and waxes
Plant Form and Physiology
- Shoot system: all parts above ground
- Root system: all parts underground
- Tissues:
- Meristematic tissues/meristems: constantly dividing cells that can specialize
- Permanent tissues: no longer constantly dividing, differentiated into three categories
- Primary growth: apical meristems, makes the plant taller/longer
- Secondary growth: lateral meristems, makes the stem thicker/wider
- Phyllotaxy: leaf arrangement
Plant Nutrition and Transport
- Water transport: cohesion-tension theory
- Nutrient transport: source to sink, driven by water moving from xylem to phloem near sources
- Macronutrients: needed in large amounts, examples: C, H, O, N, P, K, Ca, Mg, S
- Micronutrients: needed in trace amounts, examples: Fe, Mn, B, Mo, Cu, Zn, Cl, Ni, Co, Na, Si
Cellular Structure and Function
- Desmosome: adjacent plasma membranes, plaque, transmembrane glycoprotein (cadherin), intermediate filament (keratin), intercellular space
Metabolism
- Glycolysis: energy-requiring steps (1-5, 2 ATP consumed), energy-releasing steps (6-10, 4 ATP produced)
- Oxidative Phosphorylation/Electron Transport Chain: only part that uses oxygen, produces the most ATP
- Metabolism without oxygen:
- Anaerobic respiration: uses other molecules other than oxygen for the electron transport chain
- Lactic acid fermentation: pyruvate is reduced to lactate, allows for NAD+ regeneration
- Alcohol fermentation: also allows for NAD+ regeneration
Life Functions
- Metabolism: undertaking of essential chemical reactions that involve combining simple molecules to form a complex substance (anabolism) and breaking down complex substances into simpler molecules (catabolism)
- Reproduction: produce offspring, either sexually or asexually
- Responsiveness/Sensitivity: responding to internal or external stimuli
- Movement: motion not only of the physical body but also individual organs and individual cells
- Development: changes the body goes through in life such as growth, repair, and differentiation
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Description
This quiz covers various aspects of plant growth and development, including plant responses to different stimuli and types of plant reproduction.
