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Questions and Answers
What is a cell?
What is a cell?
The basic unit of living things.
Which of the following structures are found in an animal cell?
Which of the following structures are found in an animal cell?
- Nucleus (correct)
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Cell wall
- Chloroplast
Which of the following structures are found in a plant cell?
Which of the following structures are found in a plant cell?
- Cell membrane (correct)
- Mitochondria (correct)
- Chloroplast (correct)
- Nucleus (correct)
All living things are made up of cells.
All living things are made up of cells.
A __________ is a living organism made of one cell only.
A __________ is a living organism made of one cell only.
Match the following cell structures with their functions:
Match the following cell structures with their functions:
What are the two types of organisms based on cell structure?
What are the two types of organisms based on cell structure?
Name one major difference between plant and animal cells.
Name one major difference between plant and animal cells.
What is a cell?
What is a cell?
All organisms are made of cells.
All organisms are made of cells.
Which of the following are cell structures? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following are cell structures? (Select all that apply)
What are the major functions of the nucleus?
What are the major functions of the nucleus?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
What is the function of the cell membrane?
How do chloroplasts contribute to a plant cell?
How do chloroplasts contribute to a plant cell?
The comparison of animal cells and plant cells shows that plant cells have a ______.
The comparison of animal cells and plant cells shows that plant cells have a ______.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell.
Mitochondria generate energy for the cell.
Which of the following terms describe a unicellular organism?
Which of the following terms describe a unicellular organism?
Match the cell structure to its function:
Match the cell structure to its function:
What do specialised cells do?
What do specialised cells do?
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Study Notes
Cells
- Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms.
- Organisms can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many-celled).
Cellular Organization
- The hierarchy of biological organization: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
- Humans consist of approximately 15 trillion cells.
Types of Cells
- Unicellular organisms (e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium) perform all life processes within a single cell.
- Multicellular organisms (e.g., humans, plants) have specialized cells.
Animal Cell Structure
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
- Cell Membrane: Regulates movement of substances in and out; allows essential nutrients and gases while blocking harmful substances.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance that houses organelles and where chemical reactions occur.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, generating energy through respiration.
Plant Cell Structure
- Cell Wall: Composed of cellulose, providing support and protection.
- Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis and capturing sunlight to make food.
- Vacuole: Filled with cell sap containing dissolved sugars and salts; maintains internal pressure and storage.
Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells
- Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts, while plant cells have both, allowing for their distinct functions and structures.
- Plant cells typically have a larger central vacuole compared to smaller vacuoles in animal cells.
Specialization of Cells
- Some specialized cell types include:
- Red Blood Cells: Adapted for oxygen transport.
- Neurons: Designed for signal transmission.
- Ciliated Cells: Help in movement of substances across surfaces.
- Root Hair Cells: Enhance water and nutrient absorption.
- Palisade Cells: Optimized for photosynthesis in leaves.
Microscope
- A crucial tool for observing microscopic cell structures and understanding their functions.
Cells
- Cells are the fundamental units of all living organisms.
- Organisms can be unicellular (single-celled) or multicellular (many-celled).
Cellular Organization
- The hierarchy of biological organization: Cell → Tissue → Organ → Organ System → Organism.
- Humans consist of approximately 15 trillion cells.
Types of Cells
- Unicellular organisms (e.g., Amoeba, Paramecium) perform all life processes within a single cell.
- Multicellular organisms (e.g., humans, plants) have specialized cells.
Animal Cell Structure
- Nucleus: Controls cell activities and contains genetic material (DNA).
- Cell Membrane: Regulates movement of substances in and out; allows essential nutrients and gases while blocking harmful substances.
- Cytoplasm: Jelly-like substance that houses organelles and where chemical reactions occur.
- Mitochondria: Powerhouse of the cell, generating energy through respiration.
Plant Cell Structure
- Cell Wall: Composed of cellulose, providing support and protection.
- Chloroplasts: Contain chlorophyll, essential for photosynthesis and capturing sunlight to make food.
- Vacuole: Filled with cell sap containing dissolved sugars and salts; maintains internal pressure and storage.
Differences Between Animal and Plant Cells
- Animal cells lack a cell wall and chloroplasts, while plant cells have both, allowing for their distinct functions and structures.
- Plant cells typically have a larger central vacuole compared to smaller vacuoles in animal cells.
Specialization of Cells
- Some specialized cell types include:
- Red Blood Cells: Adapted for oxygen transport.
- Neurons: Designed for signal transmission.
- Ciliated Cells: Help in movement of substances across surfaces.
- Root Hair Cells: Enhance water and nutrient absorption.
- Palisade Cells: Optimized for photosynthesis in leaves.
Microscope
- A crucial tool for observing microscopic cell structures and understanding their functions.
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