Biology: Plant and Animal Cells Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of Xylem in a plant?

Transports sugars from leaves to roots

Conducts water and minerals up to every cell (correct)

Facilitates photosynthesis in chloroplasts

Stores food and waste in cells

Which organelles are unique to plant cells?

Chloroplasts and Cell Wall (correct)

Mitochondria and Ribosomes

Cytoplasm and Vacuoles

Cell Membrane and Nucleus

What do plant vacuoles primarily do?

Store food and waste (correct)

Transport nutrients to the root

Synthesize proteins

Perform cellular respiration

What is the main difference between diffusion and osmosis?

Osmosis requires a semipermeable membrane, diffusion does not Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of diffusion?

Perfume filling a room Signup and view all the answers

What do phloem and xylem have in common?

Both transport nutrients within the plant Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the process of osmosis?

Movement of water through a semipermeable membrane Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic of living things involves maintaining a stable internal environment?

Adaptations Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the nucleus in a cell?

Controls the cell’s activities Signup and view all the answers

Which process specifically involves the movement of water across a membrane?

Osmosis Signup and view all the answers

Which component of the cytoplasm is specifically responsible for distributing materials within the cell?

Cytoplasm Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates arteries from veins in terms of structure?

Arteries expand and contract to help push blood along Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of chloroplasts in a plant cell?

Conduct photosynthesis Signup and view all the answers

Which organ is NOT part of the human respiratory system?

Stomach Signup and view all the answers

In what order does food travel through the digestive organs?

Mouth, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, rectum Signup and view all the answers

What is the main role of ribosomes within a cell?

Build proteins Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a unicellular organism from a multicellular organism?

The way they function in their environment Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the microscope is used to sharpen focus after using the coarse adjustment?

Fine adjustment Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plant and Animal Cell Organelles

Plant cells have a cell wall and chloroplasts, which are absent in animal cells.
The cell wall provides structural support and rigidity to plant cells.
Chloroplasts are the sites of photosynthesis.
Plant cells have one large central vacuole, while animal cells have numerous small vacuoles.
Vacuoles store food, water, and waste products.

Xylem and Phloem Function

Xylem transports water and minerals absorbed by roots to the rest of the plants.
Phloem transports sugars produced in leaves to other parts of the plant.

Living Things Characteristics

Six (sometimes seven) defining characteristics of living things include: cells, adaptations, reproduction, growth and development, energy, responsiveness to the environment, and waste production.

Waste Products

Common waste products of living things include urine, feces, and carbon dioxide.

Diffusion

Diffusion is the net movement of a substance from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
Diffusion examples include chlorine in a pool, perfume in a room, food coloring in water, and the scent of paint.
Diffusion can occur in any medium (liquid, solid, gas).
Diffusion doesn't require a semi-permeable membrane.
Diffusion equalizes concentration.

Osmosis

Osmosis is the movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane from an area of higher water concentration to an area of lower water concentration.
Osmosis requires a semi-permeable membrane.
Osmosis equalizes water concentration but not solute concentration.

Cell Membrane and Cell Wall

The cell membrane surrounds and protects the cell's contents.
The cell wall provides structure and support, particularly to plant cells.

Cell Organelles

Cytoplasm: The liquid interior of the cell that distributes materials.
Nucleus: The control center of the cell.
Mitochondria: The powerhouse of the cell, converting energy.
Ribosomes: Build proteins in the cell.
Chloroplasts: Sites of photosynthesis in plant cells.

Microscope Parts

Course adjustment knob (large): Used for initial focusing
Fine adjustment knob (small): Used for finer focusing
Stage: Holds the specimen
Diaphragm: Controls light intensity
Objective lenses (three): Magnify the specimen
Ocular lens (eyepiece): Magnifies the image further.
Light source: Illuminates the specimen
Steps to use a microscope:
- Plug in the microscope.
- Place the slide on the stage.
- Adjust the coarse adjustment to roughly focus.
- Use the fine adjustment for precise focus.

Tissue, Organ, Organ System, Organism

Organs are groups of tissues working together.
Organ systems are groups of organs working together.
Organisms are groups of organ systems working together.

Types of Tissues

Nervous tissue: Receives, sends, and processes sensory input.
Connective tissue: Supports and connects tissues.
Epithelial tissue: Protects, senses, secretes, absorbs, excretes, diffuses and cleans.
Red blood cells: Absorb oxygen and nutrients and carry them to the body tissues; remove carbon dioxide.

Digestive System Organs and Order

Mouth
Esophagus
Stomach
Small intestine
Large intestine
Rectum

Circulatory System

Organs: Heart, arteries, veins, capillaries, blood
Function: Transports food, oxygen, and wastes throughout the body.

Respiratory System

Organs: Nose, mouth, trachea, diaphragm, bronchi, lungs
Function: Transports oxygen from air to the blood and carbon dioxide from the blood to the air outside the body.

Digestive System

Organs: Salivary glands, mouth, esophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, gall bladder, small intestine
Function: Breaks down food mechanically and chemically (using enzymes), absorbs nutrients and transports them to the body.

Blood Vessels

Arteries: Thick walls, carry oxygenated blood away from the heart.
Veins: Thin walls, carry deoxygenated blood toward the heart.
Capillaries: Thin walls, one-cell thick, permit the diffusion of gases and nutrients.

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Description

Test your knowledge on the organelles of plant and animal cells, the functions of xylem and phloem, and the characteristics of living organisms. This quiz will help you understand key biological concepts related to cell structure and function, as well as processes like diffusion. Prepare to explore the fascinating world of biology!