Biology: Cellular Respiration and Aerobic Process

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Questions and Answers

What is the total ATP yield from one glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?

The total ATP yield is typically 36 to 38 ATP per glucose molecule.

Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of energy production.

Aerobic respiration produces more energy, yielding up to 38 ATP, while anaerobic respiration yields only 2 ATP per glucose molecule.

Describe the main purpose of glycolysis in cellular respiration.

The main purpose of glycolysis is to break down glucose into pyruvate, producing 2 ATP and 2 NADH in the process.

What are the key products released from one turn of the Krebs cycle?

Key products of one turn of the Krebs cycle include 2 ATP, 6 NADH, 2 FADH2, and 4 CO2 molecules. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the role of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration.

The electron transport chain transfers electrons from NADH and FADH2, creating a proton gradient that facilitates ATP production and water formation. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration occurs in the presence of oxygen, whereas anaerobic respiration occurs in its absence. Signup and view all the answers

What is the net gain of ATP from glycolysis?

The net gain of ATP from glycolysis is 2 ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the main products generated from one molecule of glucose during aerobic respiration.

One molecule of glucose produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules, 6 water molecules, and 36–38 ATP. Signup and view all the answers

In which cellular location does the Krebs cycle occur?

The Krebs cycle occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. Signup and view all the answers

What happens to pyruvate in the presence of oxygen during aerobic respiration?

In the presence of oxygen, pyruvate is converted to coenzyme A and carbon dioxide before entering the Krebs cycle. Signup and view all the answers

How many water molecules are required for each citric acid molecule during the Krebs cycle?

Six water molecules are required for each citric acid molecule during the Krebs cycle. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the electron transport chain in aerobic respiration?

The electron transport chain is responsible for the majority of ATP production by transferring electrons and pumping protons to create a gradient. Signup and view all the answers

Identify the first step of aerobic respiration and briefly explain its significance.

The first step of aerobic respiration is glycolysis, which is significant because it begins the breakdown of glucose and produces ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of respiration in cells?

The primary purpose of respiration in cells is to produce energy in the form of ATP from glucose molecules. Signup and view all the answers

How does aerobic respiration differ from anaerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and produces more ATP, while anaerobic respiration occurs without oxygen and yields less ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What are the main stages of aerobic respiration?

The main stages of aerobic respiration are glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Signup and view all the answers

What is the chemical equation for aerobic respiration?

The chemical equation for aerobic respiration is $C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O + 36-38 ATP$. Signup and view all the answers

Where in the cell does respiration occur?

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria, which are known as the powerhouse of the cell. Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of enzymes in cellular respiration?

Enzymes speed up the chemical reactions involved in cellular respiration. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the glycolysis process briefly.

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration where glucose is broken down into two molecules of pyruvate, generating a small amount of ATP. Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during the Krebs cycle apart from ATP?

The Krebs cycle produces carbon dioxide, NADH, and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiration

Organisms obtain energy required to recycle Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP) from glucose molecules in the process of cellular respiration.
Cellular respiration is a series of enzyme-controlled chemical reactions.

Aerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen.
Aerobic respiration is made up of three stages: glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain.
Aerobic respiration is the process of breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.
Chemical equation for aerobic respiration: Glucose + Oxygen → Carbon Dioxide + Water + Energy (C6H12O6 + 6O2 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + 36–38 ATP)

Glycolysis

Occurs in the cytoplasm
Anaerobic (no oxygen)
Requires 2 ATP to activate
Glucose is converted to two 3-carbon pyruvate molecules.
Results in 4 ATP molecules forming (net gain of 2 ATP).

Forming Coenzyme A

If oxygen is present pyruvate enters the mitochondria's inner membranes.
Enzyme-activated steps of aerobic respiration occur in the mitochondrial matrix.
Each 3-carbon pyruvate molecule forms coenzyme A and releases CO2.
1 glucose molecule forms 2 pyruvate molecules, 2 coenzyme A, and 2 carbon dioxide molecules.

Krebs Cycle

A series of chemical reactions that start and finish with a four-carbon molecule.
2 coenzyme A molecules enter the cycle by combining with four-carbon compounds to form 2 molecules of citric acid.
Each step is enzyme driven and requires 6 water molecules for each citric acid molecule.
Releases 2 ATP molecules
Releases 4 carbon dioxide molecules
Releases 2 hydrogen ions and electrons.

Electron Transport Chain

Hydrogen ions formed in the Krebs cycle are released from their carriers along with high energy electrons to the electron transport chain.
At each step in the chain, energy is released from the electrons to form ATP.
At the end of the chain, low energy electrons combine with hydrogen ions and oxygen molecules to form water.
Produces up to 34 ATP molecules.

Total ATP Produced

Aerobic respiration produces 36 - 38 ATP molecules per glucose molecule.

Waste Products

Aerobic respiration produces 6 carbon dioxide molecules and 6 water molecules per glucose molecule.

Mitochondria and Ribosomes

Mitochondria have ribosomes because the proteins they produce are needed for the electron transport chain and ATP synthesis (cellular respiration) as well as for the synthesis of mitochondrial proteins.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Anaerobic respiration is less efficient at producing ATP compared to aerobic respiration.

What is Respiration?

Respiration is an enzyme-controlled series of chemical reactions that produces energy for the cell (in the form of ATP) from glucose molecules.

Where does Respiration Occur?

Respiration occurs in the mitochondria, the “powerhouse” of the cell.

Types of Respiration

The body can perform two types of respiration: aerobic and anaerobic respiration.

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Description

Explore the fascinating process of cellular respiration, including the stages of aerobic respiration such as glycolysis, the Krebs cycle, and the electron transport chain. Understand how organisms derive energy from glucose in the presence of oxygen and the chemical equations involved. Test your knowledge with this comprehensive quiz!