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Questions and Answers
What is produced in the Krebs cycle along with carbon dioxide?
What is produced in the Krebs cycle along with carbon dioxide?
What is the net yield of the Krebs cycle?
What is the net yield of the Krebs cycle?
What is the role of the energy-carrying molecules produced in the Krebs cycle?
What is the role of the energy-carrying molecules produced in the Krebs cycle?
How many membranes must a pyruvate molecule cross to enter the mitochondrion?
How many membranes must a pyruvate molecule cross to enter the mitochondrion?
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Does glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce ATP indirectly?
Does glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce ATP indirectly?
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What is the primary function of cellular respiration?
What is the primary function of cellular respiration?
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Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?
Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?
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During cellular respiration, where is most ATP produced?
During cellular respiration, where is most ATP produced?
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What distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?
What distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?
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What are the two main stages of cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria?
What are the two main stages of cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria?
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What is produced during glycolysis?
What is produced during glycolysis?
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Which process does not require oxygen?
Which process does not require oxygen?
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What role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?
What role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?
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What is produced in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose broken down?
What is produced in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose broken down?
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Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
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What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?
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Which term describes a process that does not require oxygen?
Which term describes a process that does not require oxygen?
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Which statement correctly describes the similarities between combustion and cellular respiration?
Which statement correctly describes the similarities between combustion and cellular respiration?
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What is formed when pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) during the preparatory reaction?
What is formed when pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) during the preparatory reaction?
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How does cellular respiration differ from combustion in terms of energy release?
How does cellular respiration differ from combustion in terms of energy release?
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What is primarily lost as energy during the process of cellular respiration?
What is primarily lost as energy during the process of cellular respiration?
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Study Notes
Cellular Respiration Overview
- Cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP.
- The process of cellular respiration breaks down sugars to make ATP for cell activities.
- Oxygen is needed for the process of aerobic respiration.
- The chemical equation of cellular respiration is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36 ATP (energy).
Vocabulary
- Aerobic respiration: Cellular respiration using oxygen.
- Anaerobic respiration: Cellular respiration without oxygen. Also called fermentation.
- ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; a molecule used by cells to store and release energy.
- Cellular respiration: Controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells.
- Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
- Electron transport chain: A series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons to oxygen. This releases energy to make ATP.
- Fermentation: Anaerobic process that breaks down glucose to produce ATP.
- Glycolysis: The first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules.
- Krebs cycle: The second stage of cellular respiration releasing carbon dioxide as waste.
- Mitochondria: "Powerhouses" of the cell; where cellular respiration occurs.
- NAD+ / NADH: Electron carriers in cellular respiration.
- Oxygen (O₂): Required for aerobic respiration.
- Pyruvate: A three-carbon molecule formed during glycolysis.
Steps of Cellular Respiration
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Glycolysis:
- Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm.
- Two ATP and two NADH molecules are formed.
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Preparatory Reaction (Transition Reaction):
- Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix.
- One NAD+ is converted to NADH & CO₂ is released.
-
Krebs Cycle:
- Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs Cycle.
- Two CO₂ molecules, one ATP, eight NADH, and two FADH₂ are produced.
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Electron Transport Chain:
- NADH and FADH₂ release high energy electrons.
- These electrons move along the proteins of the electron transport chain, producing ATP and water.
- 32 ATP are made during this final stage, in the inner mitochondrial membrane.
Key Concepts
- Cellular respiration is similar to combustion, both use oxygen, release energy, and produce heat. However, cellular respiration releases energy slowly with multiple reactions, while combustion releases energy quickly as heat and light.
- Photosynthesis is the reverse reaction of cellular respiration.
- Eukaryotes use the mitochondria for cellular respiration.
- Prokaryotes may use different locations. -Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, while other steps occur within the mitochondria.
- Mitochondria have a double membrane (inner and outer).
ATP Production Summary
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Glycolysis produces 2 ATP
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Prep Steps produce 0 ATP
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Krebs Cycle produces 2 ATP
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Electron Transport Chain produces 32 ATP (using NADH and FADH₂)
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Total ATP produced from one glucose molecule via aerobic cellular respiration is approximately 36 ATP.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of cellular respiration, including its definition, processes involved, and key vocabulary. You'll learn about aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the role of ATP, and the electron transport chain. Test your knowledge on how cells convert organic compounds into usable energy.
