Cellular Respiration Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is produced in the Krebs cycle along with carbon dioxide?

  • FADH2 (correct)
  • Glucose
  • ATP (correct)
  • Oxygen

What is the net yield of the Krebs cycle?

  • Five ATP and three FADH2
  • Two carbon dioxide, two ATP, and six NADH
  • Two ATP and four NADH
  • Six carbon dioxide, two ATP, eight NADH, and two FADH2 (correct)

What is the role of the energy-carrying molecules produced in the Krebs cycle?

  • To produce more ATP in the electron transport chain (correct)
  • To directly generate ATP
  • To transport carbon atoms
  • To create glucose

How many membranes must a pyruvate molecule cross to enter the mitochondrion?

<p>Two (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Does glycolysis and the Krebs cycle produce ATP indirectly?

<p>Yes, both produce ATP indirectly through the transfer of energy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cellular respiration?

<p>To break down sugars to produce ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the cytoplasm and does not require oxygen?

<p>Glycolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

During cellular respiration, where is most ATP produced?

<p>Mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes aerobic respiration from anaerobic respiration?

<p>Aerobic respiration requires oxygen. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two main stages of cellular respiration that occur in mitochondria?

<p>Krebs Cycle and Electron Transport (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced during glycolysis?

<p>Two three-carbon molecules and ATP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which process does not require oxygen?

<p>Glycolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does oxygen play in cellular respiration?

<p>It is required for aerobic respiration to occur. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is produced in glycolysis for each molecule of glucose broken down?

<p>Two molecules of ATP and two molecules of NADH (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the relationship between photosynthesis and cellular respiration?

<p>Photosynthesis captures energy, cellular respiration releases it. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of oxygen in aerobic respiration?

<p>Final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes a process that does not require oxygen?

<p>Anaerobic process (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes the similarities between combustion and cellular respiration?

<p>Both processes use oxygen to release stored energy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is formed when pyruvate reacts with coenzyme A (CoA) during the preparatory reaction?

<p>Acetyl CoA and carbon dioxide (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cellular respiration differ from combustion in terms of energy release?

<p>Cellular respiration releases energy slowly through many reactions (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is primarily lost as energy during the process of cellular respiration?

<p>Heat energy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Cellular Respiration

The process by which organisms break down food molecules to produce energy in the form of ATP.

Aerobic Respiration

A type of cellular respiration that requires oxygen to occur. It involves the breakdown of glucose to produce ATP, carbon dioxide, and water.

Anaerobic Process

A type of chemical reaction that occurs without the presence of oxygen.

Glycolysis

The first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is broken down into pyruvate (a simpler molecule) and a small amount of ATP is produced. This process occurs in the cytoplasm of cells.

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Krebs Cycle

A series of chemical reactions that occur in the mitochondria, where pyruvate is broken down further to produce more ATP, carbon dioxide, and electrons.

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Fermentation

A process that occurs when oxygen is not available for cellular respiration. It produces a small amount of ATP and lactic acid or ethanol.

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Mitochondria

The cell's powerhouses, responsible for producing most of the cell's ATP through cellular respiration.

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Glucose

A sugar molecule that is a key source of energy for cells, often broken down through cellular respiration.

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What is the Krebs Cycle?

The Krebs Cycle is a series of reactions that occur in the mitochondrial matrix, where pyruvate is broken down further to produce more ATP, carbon dioxide, and electrons.

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How do you know glycolysis releases energy?

Two ATP molecules (net) and two NADH molecules are produced during glycolysis.

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How does glycolysis result in a net gain of two ATP?

Glycolysis makes four ATP molecules, but two ATP are used to split the glucose molecule, resulting in a net gain of two ATP.

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Where does the Krebs cycle take place?

The mitochondrial matrix is where the Krebs cycle takes place.

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How many membranes does a pyruvate molecule cross?

A pyruvate molecule crosses two membranes: the outer and inner membranes of the mitochondrion.

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What is cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration is the process by which organisms break down glucose (sugar) to release energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), which is used for various life processes. It occurs in the mitochondria of cells.

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What are the two main stages of cellular respiration?

Cellular respiration occurs in two main stages: glycolysis and aerobic respiration.

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What is glycolysis?

Glycolysis is the first stage of cellular respiration and takes place in the cytoplasm. It breaks down glucose into pyruvate, producing a small amount of ATP and NADH.

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What is aerobic respiration?

Aerobic respiration requires oxygen and takes place in the mitochondria. It consists of the Krebs cycle and electron transport chain, producing the majority of ATP.

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What is the electron transport chain?

The electron transport chain is the final stage of aerobic respiration. It uses the energy from NADH and FADH2 to pump protons across the inner mitochondrial membrane, creating a gradient that drives ATP synthesis.

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How is photosynthesis related to cellular respiration?

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide, and water to produce glucose (sugar) and oxygen. It is essentially the reverse of cellular respiration.

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What is a mitochondrion?

Mitochondria are organelles that are responsible for cellular respiration. They have an inner and outer membrane, with the inner membrane folded into cristae, increasing surface area for energy production.

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Study Notes

Cellular Respiration Overview

  • Cellular respiration is the controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells to form ATP.
  • The process of cellular respiration breaks down sugars to make ATP for cell activities.
  • Oxygen is needed for the process of aerobic respiration.
  • The chemical equation of cellular respiration is C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂O + 36 ATP (energy).

Vocabulary

  • Aerobic respiration: Cellular respiration using oxygen.
  • Anaerobic respiration: Cellular respiration without oxygen. Also called fermentation.
  • ATP: Adenosine triphosphate; a molecule used by cells to store and release energy.
  • Cellular respiration: Controlled release of energy from organic compounds in cells.
  • Cytoplasm: The jelly-like substance that fills the cell.
  • Electron transport chain: A series of proteins in the inner mitochondrial membrane that transfer electrons to oxygen. This releases energy to make ATP.
  • Fermentation: Anaerobic process that breaks down glucose to produce ATP.
  • Glycolysis: The first stage of cellular respiration, where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules.
  • Krebs cycle: The second stage of cellular respiration releasing carbon dioxide as waste.
  • Mitochondria: "Powerhouses" of the cell; where cellular respiration occurs.
  • NAD+ / NADH: Electron carriers in cellular respiration.
  • Oxygen (O₂): Required for aerobic respiration.
  • Pyruvate: A three-carbon molecule formed during glycolysis.

Steps of Cellular Respiration

  • Glycolysis:
    • Glucose is broken down into two pyruvate molecules in the cytoplasm.
    • Two ATP and two NADH molecules are formed.
  • Preparatory Reaction (Transition Reaction):
    • Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl CoA in the mitochondrial matrix.
    • One NAD+ is converted to NADH & CO₂ is released.
  • Krebs Cycle:
    • Acetyl CoA enters the Krebs Cycle.
    • Two CO₂ molecules, one ATP, eight NADH, and two FADH₂ are produced.
  • Electron Transport Chain:
    • NADH and FADH₂ release high energy electrons.
    • These electrons move along the proteins of the electron transport chain, producing ATP and water.
    • 32 ATP are made during this final stage, in the inner mitochondrial membrane.

Key Concepts

  • Cellular respiration is similar to combustion, both use oxygen, release energy, and produce heat. However, cellular respiration releases energy slowly with multiple reactions, while combustion releases energy quickly as heat and light.
  • Photosynthesis is the reverse reaction of cellular respiration.
  • Eukaryotes use the mitochondria for cellular respiration.
  • Prokaryotes may use different locations. -Glycolysis occurs in the cytoplasm, while other steps occur within the mitochondria.
  • Mitochondria have a double membrane (inner and outer).

ATP Production Summary

  • Glycolysis produces 2 ATP

  • Prep Steps produce 0 ATP

  • Krebs Cycle produces 2 ATP

  • Electron Transport Chain produces 32 ATP (using NADH and FADH₂)

  • Total ATP produced from one glucose molecule via aerobic cellular respiration is approximately 36 ATP.

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Cellular Respiration PDF

Description

This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of cellular respiration, including its definition, processes involved, and key vocabulary. You'll learn about aerobic and anaerobic respiration, the role of ATP, and the electron transport chain. Test your knowledge on how cells convert organic compounds into usable energy.

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