Aerobic Respiration and Fermentation Quiz
30 Questions
8 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

Which process directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP for ATP regeneration in aerobic cellular respiration?

  • Substrate-level phosphorylation (correct)
  • Citric acid cycle
  • Glycolysis
  • Oxidative phosphorylation
  • What is a waste product of glucose catabolism in aerobic cellular respiration?

  • H2O
  • NADH
  • ATP
  • CO2 (correct)
  • Which compounds act as electron acceptors/carriers in aerobic cellular respiration?

  • NAD and FAD (correct)
  • Acetyl CoA and CO2
  • Glucose and pyruvate
  • ATP and ADP
  • Where does the linker reaction take place in aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What contributes to the generation of Δ[H+] across the mitochondrial inner membrane in oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>H+ ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is the major mechanism for ATP regeneration in the presence of O2 in aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two major functions of Aerobic Cellular Respiration (ACR)?

    <p>Provide biosynthetic intermediates for anabolism and regenerate ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does glycolysis occur in animals?

    <p>Cytosol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main source of ATP in the form of glucose sugar?

    <p>Carbohydrates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the chemical equation for the catabolism of glucose in Aerobic Cellular Respiration?

    <p>$C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2 \rightarrow 6CO_2 + 6H_2O$</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle) occur?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What represents the Chemical Potential Energy (CPE) in glucose?

    <p>C-H and C-C bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is responsible for the majority of ATP regeneration in aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>Oxidative phosphorylation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the respiratory electron transport chain take place in aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of fermentation?

    <p>To regenerate ATP in the absence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation?

    <p>Presence of oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of the absence of oxygen on the citric acid cycle?

    <p>It shuts down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of fats and proteins in aerobic cellular respiration?

    <p>They can also feed into the catabolic pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy density of fats compared to carbohydrates?

    <p>Higher due to higher proportion of C-C and C-H bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the respiratory electron transport chain convert the chemical potential energy of NADH into?

    <p>Δ[H+]</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the four sub-processes involved in Aerobic Cellular Respiration (ACR) and the location within the cell where each process occurs.

    <ol> <li>Glycolysis occurs in the cytosol of the cell. 2) The citric acid cycle (Kreb’s cycle, TCA cycle) occurs in the mitochondrial matrix. 3) The respiratory electron transport chain takes place in the mitochondrial inner membrane. 4) ATP synthase is also located in the mitochondrial inner membrane.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the two major functions of Aerobic Cellular Respiration (ACR) and provide an example of how each function contributes to cellular processes.

    <p>The two major functions of ACR are: 1) to provide biosynthetic intermediates (carbon skeletons, building blocks) for anabolism. For example, the carbon skeletons produced can be used in the synthesis of amino acids and nucleotides. 2) To regenerate ATP, which is the major mechanism for ATP regeneration in animal cells. This ATP is used in cellular work such as transport work, anabolism, and mechanical work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of glucose in Aerobic Cellular Respiration, including its representation of Chemical Potential Energy (CPE) and the chemical equation for its catabolism.

    <p>Glucose serves as a source of Chemical Potential Energy (CPE) in ACR due to the energy stored in its C-H and C-C bonds. The chemical equation for its catabolism in ACR is: $C6H12O6 + 6O2 ightarrow 6CO2 + 6H2O$. This process allows the cell to access the CPE of glucose and catabolize it to generate ATP for cellular work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the steps involved in aerobic cellular respiration and the ATP yield from one molecule of glucose.

    <p>Aerobic cellular respiration involves glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase. It generates around 28 ATP per glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the process of fermentation and its significance in the absence of oxygen.

    <p>Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves running glycolysis to regenerate ATP. It involves specialized mechanisms to regenerate NAD+ from NADH to keep glycolysis running. Fermentation is a short-term response to temporary oxygen shortage in mammals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Discuss the impact of the absence of oxygen on the citric acid cycle and the overall ATP production in aerobic cellular respiration.

    <p>In the absence of oxygen, the citric acid cycle shuts down, leading to the loss of ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation. This results in fermentation becoming the temporary solution for mammals as it does not provide adequate ATP for extended periods.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the energy density difference between fats and carbohydrates, and how it relates to their usage in aerobic cellular respiration.

    <p>Fats have a higher energy density than carbohydrates due to their higher proportion of C-C and C-H bonds. This allows fats to be a significant input for the catabolic pathways in aerobic cellular respiration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the role of high energy electrons in ATP regeneration during aerobic cellular respiration (ACR).

    <p>High energy electrons are used for ATP regeneration by removing them from C-H and C-C bonds through oxidation. NAD and FAD are electron acceptors/carriers in ACR, representing CPE and can be oxidized to release high energy electrons. Compounds that can be combusted in the presence of O2 have high energy electrons, and ACR is a stepwise combustion of glucose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the two mechanisms for ATP regeneration in aerobic cellular respiration (ACR) and compare their efficiency in the presence of O2.

    <p>Two mechanisms for ATP regeneration in ACR are substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation. Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, regenerating ATP, but is less efficient in the presence of O2. Oxidative phosphorylation, dependent on the extraction and donation of high energy electrons from C-H and C-C bonds, is the major mechanism for ATP regeneration in the presence of O2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Identify the sub-processes of aerobic cellular respiration (ACR) and their respective locations within the cell.

    <p>There are four sub-processes in ACR: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase, all taking place in different cellular compartments. The mitochondrion is the site of the linker reaction, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase in ACR. Pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, is utilized in the linker reaction in the mitochondrial matrix, generating NADH, acetyl CoA, and CO2.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Aerobic Cellular Respiration and Fermentation

    • Aerobic cellular respiration involves glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase
    • Aerobic cellular respiration generates around 28 ATP per glucose
    • The respiratory electron transport chain is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane and converts the chemical potential energy of NADH into a Δ[H+]
    • Oxidative phosphorylation, composed of the electron transport chain and ATP synthase, is responsible for the majority of ATP regeneration
    • Fermentation occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves running glycolysis to regenerate ATP
    • Fermentation involves specialized mechanisms to regenerate NAD+ from NADH to keep glycolysis running
    • Fermentation is a short-term response to temporary oxygen shortage in mammals
    • In the absence of oxygen, the citric acid cycle shuts down, leading to the loss of ATP from substrate-level phosphorylation
    • Fermentation is a temporary solution for mammals as it does not provide adequate ATP for extended periods
    • Aerobic cellular respiration oxidizes the C-H and C-C bonds of organic molecules to regenerate ATP
    • Glucose is not the only input for aerobic cellular respiration; fats and proteins can also feed into the catabolic pathways
    • Fats have a higher energy density than carbohydrates due to their higher proportion of C-C and C-H bonds

    Aerobic Cellular Respiration and ATP Regeneration

    • High energy electrons (HEE) are used for ATP regeneration by removing them from C-H and C-C bonds through oxidation
    • CO2 is a waste product of glucose catabolism in aerobic cellular respiration (ACR) as it has zero CPE
    • Two mechanisms for ATP regeneration in ACR are substrate-level phosphorylation and oxidative phosphorylation
    • Substrate-level phosphorylation directly transfers a phosphate group to ADP, regenerating ATP, but is less efficient in the presence of O2
    • Oxidative phosphorylation, dependent on the extraction and donation of high energy electrons from C-H and C-C bonds, is the major mechanism for ATP regeneration in the presence of O2
    • NAD and FAD are electron acceptors/carriers in ACR, representing CPE and can be oxidized to release high energy electrons
    • C-H and C-C bonds are oxidized, leading to the loss of electrons, while NAD+ and FAD are reduced by gaining electrons
    • Compounds that can be combusted in the presence of O2 have high energy electrons, and ACR is a stepwise combustion of glucose
    • In addition to electrons, H+ ions play a central role in oxidative phosphorylation, contributing to the generation of Δ[H+] across the mitochondrial inner membrane
    • There are four sub-processes in ACR: glycolysis, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase, all taking place in different cellular compartments
    • The mitochondrion is the site of the linker reaction, citric acid cycle, respiratory electron transport chain, and ATP synthase in ACR
    • Pyruvate, a product of glycolysis, is utilized in the linker reaction in the mitochondrial matrix, generating NADH, acetyl CoA, and CO2

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Description

    Test your knowledge of aerobic cellular respiration and fermentation with this quiz. Explore the processes involved in generating ATP, the role of key components such as glycolysis, citric acid cycle, and respiratory electron transport chain, and how fermentation serves as a temporary solution in the absence of oxygen. Understand the differences between the energy sources and the mechanisms involved in ATP regeneration.

    More Like This

    Aerobic Cellular Respiration
    10 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser