22 Questions
What percentage of the total energy of glucose is released as heat during aerobic respiration?
62%
In the absence of oxygen, how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose?
2
What is the purpose of fermentation in anaerobic respiration?
To convert NADH to NAD+
Which type of fermentation is used by yeast and some microorganisms?
Alcoholic fermentation
What is the byproduct of ATP synthase?
ATP
Which process occurs in the presence of oxygen?
Aerobic respiration
What is the net ATP production from glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?
2 net ATP molecules
What is the purpose of the electrochemical gradient in cellular respiration?
To drive ATP synthase
What is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation that causes a painful burning sensation in muscles?
Lactic acid
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
Electron Transport Chain
What is the advantage of anaerobic respiration over aerobic respiration?
Occurs quickly and produces ATP rapidly
Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the cell?
Mitochondrial matrix
What is the purpose of high-energy electrons in the Electron Transport Chain?
To produce ATP
What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation?
Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
What is the location of glycolysis in the cell?
Cytosol
What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
They are reverse reactions of each other
What is the net ATP yield of anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?
2 ATP
Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?
Electron Transport Chain
What is the purpose of fermentation in anaerobic respiration?
To continue producing ATP by glycolysis when oxygen is low
Which type of fermentation is used by humans?
Lactic Acid Fermentation
What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP yield?
Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP, while anaerobic respiration produces 2 ATP
What is the stage of aerobic respiration that occurs before the Electron Transport Chain?
Krebs Cycle
Study Notes
Cellular Respiration
- The electrochemical gradient is created for ATP synthase to work.
- ATP synthase converts ADP into ATP.
Total ATP Production of Aerobic Cellular Respiration
- 2 ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.
- 2 net ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis in the presence of oxygen.
- 36 more ATP molecules are produced from the Krebs Cycle and electron transport.
- A total of 38 ATP molecules are produced, which represents 38% of the total energy from glucose.
Anaerobic Respiration
- Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves fermentation.
- Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.
- There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.
Alcoholic Fermentation
- Yeast and some microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
- Equation for alcoholic fermentation: pyruvic acid + NADH → ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
Lactic Acid Fermentation
- Many cells convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid, regenerating NAD+ to continue glycolysis.
- Equation for lactic acid fermentation: pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+
Stages of Respiration
- Aerobic respiration: glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and electron transport chain.
- Anaerobic respiration: glycolysis followed by fermentation.
Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration
- Aerobic respiration is more energy-efficient, producing up to 38 ATP per glucose.
- Anaerobic respiration yields only 2 ATP per glucose.
- Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.
Relationship between Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis
- Equation for cellular respiration: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).
- Equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (sunlight) → 6O2 + C6H12O6.
This quiz covers the process of ATP synthesis, including the electrochemical gradient, ATP synthase, and the total ATP production in aerobic cellular respiration.
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