ATP Synthesis and Aerobic Respiration

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Questions and Answers

What percentage of the total energy of glucose is released as heat during aerobic respiration?

38%

25%

62% (correct)

90%

In the absence of oxygen, how many ATP molecules are produced from one molecule of glucose?

2 (correct)

What is the purpose of fermentation in anaerobic respiration?

To regulate body temperature

To generate more ATP

To release energy as heat

To convert NADH to NAD+ (correct)

Which type of fermentation is used by yeast and some microorganisms?

Alcoholic fermentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of ATP synthase?

ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which process occurs in the presence of oxygen?

Aerobic respiration Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP production from glycolysis in the presence of oxygen?

2 net ATP molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the electrochemical gradient in cellular respiration?

To drive ATP synthase Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of lactic acid fermentation that causes a painful burning sensation in muscles?

Lactic acid Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?

Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the advantage of anaerobic respiration over aerobic respiration?

Occurs quickly and produces ATP rapidly Signup and view all the answers

Where does the Krebs cycle take place in the cell?

Mitochondrial matrix Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of high-energy electrons in the Electron Transport Chain?

To produce ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the equation for lactic acid fermentation?

Pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+ Signup and view all the answers

What is the location of glycolysis in the cell?

Cytosol Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between cellular respiration and photosynthesis?

They are reverse reactions of each other Signup and view all the answers

What is the net ATP yield of anaerobic respiration per glucose molecule?

2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of aerobic respiration produces the most ATP?

Electron Transport Chain Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of fermentation in anaerobic respiration?

To continue producing ATP by glycolysis when oxygen is low Signup and view all the answers

Which type of fermentation is used by humans?

Lactic Acid Fermentation Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between aerobic and anaerobic respiration in terms of ATP yield?

Aerobic respiration produces 38 ATP, while anaerobic respiration produces 2 ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the stage of aerobic respiration that occurs before the Electron Transport Chain?

Krebs Cycle Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cellular Respiration

The electrochemical gradient is created for ATP synthase to work.
ATP synthase converts ADP into ATP.

Total ATP Production of Aerobic Cellular Respiration

2 ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis in the absence of oxygen.
2 net ATP molecules are produced from glycolysis in the presence of oxygen.
36 more ATP molecules are produced from the Krebs Cycle and electron transport.
A total of 38 ATP molecules are produced, which represents 38% of the total energy from glucose.

Anaerobic Respiration

Anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen and involves fermentation.
Fermentation releases energy from food molecules in the absence of oxygen.
There are two types of fermentation: alcoholic fermentation and lactic acid fermentation.

Alcoholic Fermentation

Yeast and some microorganisms use alcoholic fermentation to produce ethyl alcohol and carbon dioxide.
Equation for alcoholic fermentation: pyruvic acid + NADH → ethyl alcohol + CO2 + NAD+

Lactic Acid Fermentation

Many cells convert pyruvic acid to lactic acid, regenerating NAD+ to continue glycolysis.
Equation for lactic acid fermentation: pyruvic acid + NADH → lactic acid + NAD+

Stages of Respiration

Aerobic respiration: glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and electron transport chain.
Anaerobic respiration: glycolysis followed by fermentation.

Comparison of Aerobic and Anaerobic Respiration

Aerobic respiration is more energy-efficient, producing up to 38 ATP per glucose.
Anaerobic respiration yields only 2 ATP per glucose.
Aerobic respiration requires oxygen, while anaerobic respiration occurs in the absence of oxygen.

Relationship between Cellular Respiration and Photosynthesis

Equation for cellular respiration: 6O2 + C6H12O6 → 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (ATP).
Equation for photosynthesis: 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy (sunlight) → 6O2 + C6H12O6.

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Description

This quiz covers the process of ATP synthesis, including the electrochemical gradient, ATP synthase, and the total ATP production in aerobic cellular respiration.