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Questions and Answers
What are the two types of nerves in the nervous system?
What are the two types of nerves in the nervous system?
The autonomic nervous system has a sympathetic division that is associated with the 'Rest and Digest' response.
The autonomic nervous system has a sympathetic division that is associated with the 'Rest and Digest' response.
False
What is the primary function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
What is the primary function of the Central Nervous System (CNS)?
To receive sensory signals, store memories, and carry thoughts.
Which neurotransmitters increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential?
Which neurotransmitters increase the likelihood that a neuron will fire an action potential?
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The basic building block of the nervous system is the ______.
The basic building block of the nervous system is the ______.
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What is a common characteristic of glial cells?
What is a common characteristic of glial cells?
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What is the function of the neuroglial cells?
What is the function of the neuroglial cells?
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Study Notes
Neurons and Synapses
- Afferent nerves carry sensory signals from senses to the Central Nervous System (CNS).
- Efferent nerves transmit motor signals from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
Autonomic Nervous System (PNS)
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Sympathetic Division
- Known as the "Adrenergic nervous system."
- Triggers "Fight or Flight" response.
- Secretes epinephrine, stimulating sweat glands.
- Prepares the body to expend energy.
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Parasympathetic Division
- Known as the "Cholinergic nervous system."
- Promotes "Rest and Digest" functions.
- Does not affect sweat glands, calms the body to conserve energy.
Division of the Nervous System
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Central Nervous System (CNS)
- Comprises the brain and spinal cord.
- Responsible for receiving sensory signals, storing memories, and processing thoughts.
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Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
- Consists of nerves, neurons, and sensory organs outside the CNS.
- Sends signals to the CNS and stimulates effectors.
Somatic Nervous System
- Interacts with external environments via afferent and efferent nerves.
- Afferent nerves bring sensory information to the CNS.
- Efferent nerves convey motor commands from the CNS to skeletal muscles.
Responses to Stressful Situations
- Sympathetic response activated when escaping danger, such as being chased by a dog.
Cells of the Nervous System
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Neurons
- Specialized "nerve cells" are the fundamental building blocks of the nervous system.
- Responsible for reception, conduction, and transmission of electrochemical signals.
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Glia (Neuroglia)
- Supportive cells in the nervous system, also known as "forgotten cells."
Multiple Sclerosis
- A chronic, progressive disease characterized by damage to nerve cell sheaths in the brain and spinal cord.
Neuron Cell Membrane
- Composed of a lipid bilayer.
- Contains channel proteins and signal proteins essential for neuronal function.
Neurotransmitters
- Chemicals released by neurons following an action potential.
- Travel across synapses to excite or inhibit target neurons.
- Different neuron types utilize varying neurotransmitters, resulting in diverse target effects.
Classification of Neurotransmitters
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Excitatory Neurotransmitters
- Increase the likelihood of the neuron firing an action potential.
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Inhibitory Neurotransmitters
- Decrease the likelihood of the neuron firing an action potential.
Neurons vs. Glial Cells
- Neurons generate and propagate electrical and chemical signals.
- Neurons possess dendrites and axons, key for communication within the nervous system.
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Description
This quiz covers the fundamental concepts of neurons and synapses in biological psychology. It focuses on afferent and efferent nerves, detailing how sensory signals are transmitted to the CNS and motor signals are sent from the CNS to skeletal muscles. Additionally, it touches on the autonomic nervous system's role in these processes.
