Podcast
Questions and Answers
What term describes the combined diversity at all levels of biological organization?
What term describes the combined diversity at all levels of biological organization?
- Biodiversity (correct)
- Ecological diversity
- Species diversity
- Genetic diversity
The Western Ghats have less amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.
The Western Ghats have less amphibian species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.
False (B)
What is an example of a plant that shows genetic diversity based on its geographical distribution?
What is an example of a plant that shows genetic diversity based on its geographical distribution?
Rauwolfia vomitoria
India has more than ______ genetically different strains of rice.
India has more than ______ genetically different strains of rice.
Match the types of biodiversity with their examples:
Match the types of biodiversity with their examples:
Which of the following is NOT a type of biodiversity mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a type of biodiversity mentioned?
Greater ecosystem diversity can be found in India compared to Norway.
Greater ecosystem diversity can be found in India compared to Norway.
How many species of orchids are estimated to exist?
How many species of orchids are estimated to exist?
What is a characteristic of a stable ecological community?
What is a characteristic of a stable ecological community?
Increased biodiversity is imperative for the survival of the human race.
Increased biodiversity is imperative for the survival of the human race.
What hypothesis is used to develop a perspective on species extinction and ecosystem functioning?
What hypothesis is used to develop a perspective on species extinction and ecosystem functioning?
Tilman's experiments indicated that more species result in less year-to-year variation in total __________.
Tilman's experiments indicated that more species result in less year-to-year variation in total __________.
What did David Tilman find in his long-term ecosystem experiments?
What did David Tilman find in his long-term ecosystem experiments?
According to the rivet popper hypothesis, the removal of any species has the same impact on ecosystem functioning.
According to the rivet popper hypothesis, the removal of any species has the same impact on ecosystem functioning.
What happens to an ecosystem when numerous species become extinct, according to the rivet analogy?
What happens to an ecosystem when numerous species become extinct, according to the rivet analogy?
Match the concepts with their descriptions:
Match the concepts with their descriptions:
What does the variable Z represent in the species-area relationship equation?
What does the variable Z represent in the species-area relationship equation?
The value of Z for species richness typically lies in the range of 0.5 to 0.7.
The value of Z for species richness typically lies in the range of 0.5 to 0.7.
What is the general relationship between species richness and area on a logarithmic scale?
What is the general relationship between species richness and area on a logarithmic scale?
In the equation log S = log C + Z log A, S represents _____.
In the equation log S = log C + Z log A, S represents _____.
Match the taxonomic groups with their respective regions mentioned:
Match the taxonomic groups with their respective regions mentioned:
What does a steeper slope (Z value) indicate for very large areas like continents?
What does a steeper slope (Z value) indicate for very large areas like continents?
The slopes of the regression line for different taxonomic groups are consistent across various regions.
The slopes of the regression line for different taxonomic groups are consistent across various regions.
What is the typical range of Z values for frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests?
What is the typical range of Z values for frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests?
What is a more serious threat to flight safety according to the context?
What is a more serious threat to flight safety according to the context?
The extinction of species is solely due to natural processes.
The extinction of species is solely due to natural processes.
Name one species that has gone extinct in recent history.
Name one species that has gone extinct in recent history.
The IUCN Red List documented the extinction of _____ species in the last 500 years.
The IUCN Red List documented the extinction of _____ species in the last 500 years.
Match the extinct species with their origins:
Match the extinct species with their origins:
Which group is identified as particularly vulnerable to extinction?
Which group is identified as particularly vulnerable to extinction?
The rates of current species extinctions are slower than in pre-human times.
The rates of current species extinctions are slower than in pre-human times.
How many episodes of mass extinction have occurred prior to the current one?
How many episodes of mass extinction have occurred prior to the current one?
What is considered the most important cause of biodiversity loss?
What is considered the most important cause of biodiversity loss?
The Amazon rainforest now covers more than 14% of the earth’s land surface.
The Amazon rainforest now covers more than 14% of the earth’s land surface.
Name one species that became extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
Name one species that became extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
The phenomenon where certain introduced species cause harm to native populations is known as __________.
The phenomenon where certain introduced species cause harm to native populations is known as __________.
Match the following causes of biodiversity loss with their descriptions:
Match the following causes of biodiversity loss with their descriptions:
What is one effect of the loss of biodiversity in a region?
What is one effect of the loss of biodiversity in a region?
The Amazon rainforest is referred to as the 'lungs of the planet' because it produces oxygen.
The Amazon rainforest is referred to as the 'lungs of the planet' because it produces oxygen.
What percentage of the Earth's land surface do rain forests now cover?
What percentage of the Earth's land surface do rain forests now cover?
Which biodiversity hotspot covers regions rich in biodiversity in India?
Which biodiversity hotspot covers regions rich in biodiversity in India?
India has less than 10 national parks.
India has less than 10 national parks.
How many biosphere reserves are there in India?
How many biosphere reserves are there in India?
The technique used to preserve gametes of threatened species is called __________.
The technique used to preserve gametes of threatened species is called __________.
Match the conservation methods with their purposes:
Match the conservation methods with their purposes:
What percentage of earth's land area do biodiversity hotspots collectively cover?
What percentage of earth's land area do biodiversity hotspots collectively cover?
Sacred groves are found only in the northern regions of India.
Sacred groves are found only in the northern regions of India.
Which major international event in 1992 called for the conservation of biodiversity?
Which major international event in 1992 called for the conservation of biodiversity?
The Amazon rainforest currently covers more than 14% of the Earth’s land surface.
The Amazon rainforest currently covers more than 14% of the Earth’s land surface.
Name one species that has gone extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
Name one species that has gone extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
The introduction of alien species that become harmful to native populations is known as __________.
The introduction of alien species that become harmful to native populations is known as __________.
Which ecosystem process may become more variable due to loss of biodiversity?
Which ecosystem process may become more variable due to loss of biodiversity?
The phrase 'The Evil Quartet' refers to natural causes of biodiversity loss.
The phrase 'The Evil Quartet' refers to natural causes of biodiversity loss.
What percentage of the Earth's land surface do rain forests currently cover?
What percentage of the Earth's land surface do rain forests currently cover?
What is one of the attributes of a stable ecological community?
What is one of the attributes of a stable ecological community?
Higher species diversity contributes to higher productivity in ecosystems.
Higher species diversity contributes to higher productivity in ecosystems.
What is the term used to describe the theory that suggests the ecosystem's stability is affected by the loss of species?
What is the term used to describe the theory that suggests the ecosystem's stability is affected by the loss of species?
A community with fewer species generally tends to be less __________.
A community with fewer species generally tends to be less __________.
Match the concepts with their definitions related to species diversity:
Match the concepts with their definitions related to species diversity:
Why is biodiversity essential for human survival?
Why is biodiversity essential for human survival?
According to the information, all species contribute equally to an ecosystem's functioning.
According to the information, all species contribute equally to an ecosystem's functioning.
What do ecologists believe about communities with a higher number of species?
What do ecologists believe about communities with a higher number of species?
What is the range of Z values for species richness typically found in smaller areas?
What is the range of Z values for species richness typically found in smaller areas?
The relationship between species richness and area on a logarithmic scale is a straight line.
The relationship between species richness and area on a logarithmic scale is a straight line.
The slope of the line for frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests is found to be ______.
The slope of the line for frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests is found to be ______.
Match the taxonomic groups with their corresponding regions mentioned:
Match the taxonomic groups with their corresponding regions mentioned:
What indicates a steeper slope (Z value) when analyzing very large areas like continents?
What indicates a steeper slope (Z value) when analyzing very large areas like continents?
The slope of the regression line for different taxonomic groups varies across various regions.
The slope of the regression line for different taxonomic groups varies across various regions.
What is the Y-intercept in the species-area relationship equation?
What is the Y-intercept in the species-area relationship equation?
What percentage of the world's species diversity is found in India?
What percentage of the world's species diversity is found in India?
The diversity of species tends to increase as you move away from the equator towards the poles.
The diversity of species tends to increase as you move away from the equator towards the poles.
What is the term for the phenomenon where many species face the threat of extinction before they are discovered?
What is the term for the phenomenon where many species face the threat of extinction before they are discovered?
According to estimates, more than _______ plant species are yet to be discovered in India.
According to estimates, more than _______ plant species are yet to be discovered in India.
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
What is one major factor contributing to the difficulty in estimating the number of prokaryotic species?
What is one major factor contributing to the difficulty in estimating the number of prokaryotic species?
During the latitudinal gradient, species diversity is highest in temperate regions.
During the latitudinal gradient, species diversity is highest in temperate regions.
What might the estimated number of undiscovered animal species in India exceed?
What might the estimated number of undiscovered animal species in India exceed?
What is in situ conservation?
What is in situ conservation?
Ex situ conservation is used for species that are not endangered.
Ex situ conservation is used for species that are not endangered.
What are biodiversity hotspots?
What are biodiversity hotspots?
The ethical argument for conserving biodiversity relates to what we owe to millions of _____ species.
The ethical argument for conserving biodiversity relates to what we owe to millions of _____ species.
Match the conservation approach with its description:
Match the conservation approach with its description:
What is one intangible benefit derived from nature?
What is one intangible benefit derived from nature?
How many biodiversity hotspots have been identified globally?
How many biodiversity hotspots have been identified globally?
Every species has value only if it has economic value.
Every species has value only if it has economic value.
What is a major consequence of the introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
What is a major consequence of the introduction of Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
Co-extinctions only happen between predators and their prey.
Co-extinctions only happen between predators and their prey.
Name one invasive weed species mentioned that poses a threat to native species.
Name one invasive weed species mentioned that poses a threat to native species.
More than _____ per cent of the drugs currently sold worldwide are derived from plants.
More than _____ per cent of the drugs currently sold worldwide are derived from plants.
Match the following invasive species with their potential impact:
Match the following invasive species with their potential impact:
Which of the following is an example of broadly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity?
Which of the following is an example of broadly utilitarian arguments for conserving biodiversity?
Biodiversity hotspots collectively cover more than 20% of the Earth's land area.
Biodiversity hotspots collectively cover more than 20% of the Earth's land area.
What is the reason for prioritizing bioprospecting in biodiversity conservation?
What is the reason for prioritizing bioprospecting in biodiversity conservation?
Which percentage denotes India's share of global species diversity?
Which percentage denotes India's share of global species diversity?
As one moves from the equator towards the poles, species diversity generally increases.
As one moves from the equator towards the poles, species diversity generally increases.
What is the primary reason why many prokaryotic species remain unrecorded?
What is the primary reason why many prokaryotic species remain unrecorded?
In terms of species diversity, regions near the equator are known to have a higher __________.
In terms of species diversity, regions near the equator are known to have a higher __________.
Match the following estimates of undiscovered species with their respective categories:
Match the following estimates of undiscovered species with their respective categories:
What factor greatly impedes the completion of the biological inventory in India?
What factor greatly impedes the completion of the biological inventory in India?
It is estimated that roughly 22 percent of the total species globally have been recorded.
It is estimated that roughly 22 percent of the total species globally have been recorded.
The unique diversity pattern observed in species distribution from the equator to the poles is known as the __________ gradient.
The unique diversity pattern observed in species distribution from the equator to the poles is known as the __________ gradient.
Which of the following is an example of ex situ conservation?
Which of the following is an example of ex situ conservation?
In situ conservation involves protecting endangered species in their natural habitats.
In situ conservation involves protecting endangered species in their natural habitats.
Name one of the three biodiversity hotspots located in India.
Name one of the three biodiversity hotspots located in India.
The protective maintenance of threatened species in __________ is an example of ex situ conservation.
The protective maintenance of threatened species in __________ is an example of ex situ conservation.
Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by ecosystem services?
Which of the following is NOT a benefit provided by ecosystem services?
Match the following conservation methods with their purposes:
Match the following conservation methods with their purposes:
Biodiversity is necessary for ecosystem functioning and resilience.
Biodiversity is necessary for ecosystem functioning and resilience.
What is the role of sacred groves in conservation?
What is the role of sacred groves in conservation?
What is one negative consequence of introducing the Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
What is one negative consequence of introducing the Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
The introduction of African catfish has no effect on native catfish species.
The introduction of African catfish has no effect on native catfish species.
What percentage of the drugs sold worldwide are derived from plants?
What percentage of the drugs sold worldwide are derived from plants?
An example of an invasive weed species is __________.
An example of an invasive weed species is __________.
Match the following invasive species with their types:
Match the following invasive species with their types:
How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem services?
How does biodiversity contribute to ecosystem services?
Co-extinctions occur when the extinction of one species affects the extinction of another species that is reliant on it.
Co-extinctions occur when the extinction of one species affects the extinction of another species that is reliant on it.
More than _____ species of plants are used for traditional medicines worldwide.
More than _____ species of plants are used for traditional medicines worldwide.
The value of Z for species richness lies exclusively between 0.1 and 0.3.
The value of Z for species richness lies exclusively between 0.1 and 0.3.
What linear relationship describes species richness in relation to area on a logarithmic scale?
What linear relationship describes species richness in relation to area on a logarithmic scale?
The slope (Z value) for frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests is found to be ______.
The slope (Z value) for frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests is found to be ______.
Match the regions with their respective taxonomic groups for species-area relationships:
Match the regions with their respective taxonomic groups for species-area relationships:
What is the general trend observed regarding species-area relationships across different taxa and regions?
What is the general trend observed regarding species-area relationships across different taxa and regions?
The relationship between species richness and area is markedly different for smaller areas compared to larger continents.
The relationship between species richness and area is markedly different for smaller areas compared to larger continents.
In the species-area equation, the term S stands for ______.
In the species-area equation, the term S stands for ______.
What is the potential effect of losing species according to the rivet popper hypothesis?
What is the potential effect of losing species according to the rivet popper hypothesis?
Ecological stability is characterized by significant year-to-year variation in productivity.
Ecological stability is characterized by significant year-to-year variation in productivity.
Which of the following species is NOT listed as extinct in recent history?
Which of the following species is NOT listed as extinct in recent history?
What did David Tilman's long-term experiments reveal about biodiversity and productivity?
What did David Tilman's long-term experiments reveal about biodiversity and productivity?
More than 15,500 species worldwide face the threat of extinction.
More than 15,500 species worldwide face the threat of extinction.
A stable community must be resistant or resilient to occasional __________.
A stable community must be resistant or resilient to occasional __________.
What percentage of all bird species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
What percentage of all bird species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
Which of these best describes the relationship between species richness and ecosystem stability?
Which of these best describes the relationship between species richness and ecosystem stability?
The current species extinction rates are estimated to be _____ to _____ times faster than in pre-human times.
The current species extinction rates are estimated to be _____ to _____ times faster than in pre-human times.
Match the attributes of a stable community with their definitions:
Match the attributes of a stable community with their definitions:
The removal of species from an ecosystem does not require consideration of which specific species is removed.
The removal of species from an ecosystem does not require consideration of which specific species is removed.
Why is rich biodiversity essential for the survival of human beings?
Why is rich biodiversity essential for the survival of human beings?
The biological wealth of our planet has been declining rapidly due to _____ activities.
The biological wealth of our planet has been declining rapidly due to _____ activities.
What attribute describes a stable ecological community?
What attribute describes a stable ecological community?
Higher species diversity in an ecosystem contributes to greater year-to-year variation in total biomass.
Higher species diversity in an ecosystem contributes to greater year-to-year variation in total biomass.
What analogy does Paul Ehrlich use to describe the importance of species in an ecosystem?
What analogy does Paul Ehrlich use to describe the importance of species in an ecosystem?
Increased biodiversity is essential for the __________ of the human race.
Increased biodiversity is essential for the __________ of the human race.
According to Tilman's findings, what is the impact of increased species diversity?
According to Tilman's findings, what is the impact of increased species diversity?
Losing a few species does not significantly impact the functioning of the ecosystem in the short term.
Losing a few species does not significantly impact the functioning of the ecosystem in the short term.
What is one impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystems?
What is one impact of biodiversity loss on ecosystems?
What percentage of all mammal species are currently at risk of extinction?
What percentage of all mammal species are currently at risk of extinction?
The current rate of species extinction is estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times slower than in pre-human times.
The current rate of species extinction is estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times slower than in pre-human times.
Name one species that is documented to have gone extinct.
Name one species that is documented to have gone extinct.
Match the following extinct species with their regions of origin:
Match the following extinct species with their regions of origin:
Which of the following is a reason for the loss of biodiversity?
Which of the following is a reason for the loss of biodiversity?
Amphibians are considered less vulnerable to extinction compared to other groups.
Amphibians are considered less vulnerable to extinction compared to other groups.
What is the estimated timeframe within which nearly half of all species on earth might be wiped out if current trends continue?
What is the estimated timeframe within which nearly half of all species on earth might be wiped out if current trends continue?
What percentage of the total species recorded are animals?
What percentage of the total species recorded are animals?
Insects account for more than 70% of the total number of animal species.
Insects account for more than 70% of the total number of animal species.
What is the estimated number of species on Earth according to Robert May?
What is the estimated number of species on Earth according to Robert May?
More than 70% of all species recorded are __________.
More than 70% of all species recorded are __________.
Match the following percentages with their corresponding groups:
Match the following percentages with their corresponding groups:
What is the major reason for the incompleteness of species inventories?
What is the major reason for the incompleteness of species inventories?
The total number of plant and animal species described is about 2 million.
The total number of plant and animal species described is about 2 million.
Which taxonomic group is identified as the most species-rich?
Which taxonomic group is identified as the most species-rich?
Which invasive species is known to have contributed to the extinction of over 200 species of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria?
Which invasive species is known to have contributed to the extinction of over 200 species of cichlid fish in Lake Victoria?
Co-extinctions only occur in animal species, not plants.
Co-extinctions only occur in animal species, not plants.
What is the main argument for conserving biodiversity from a narrowly utilitarian perspective?
What is the main argument for conserving biodiversity from a narrowly utilitarian perspective?
More than 25 percent of the drugs sold worldwide are derived from __________.
More than 25 percent of the drugs sold worldwide are derived from __________.
Match the following invasive species with their descriptions:
Match the following invasive species with their descriptions:
What percentage of the Earth's total oxygen is estimated to be produced by the Amazon forest?
What percentage of the Earth's total oxygen is estimated to be produced by the Amazon forest?
Indigenous species benefit from the introduction of non-native species into their ecosystems.
Indigenous species benefit from the introduction of non-native species into their ecosystems.
What is an example of a species that can become extinct due to the co-extinction phenomenon?
What is an example of a species that can become extinct due to the co-extinction phenomenon?
India currently has more than 400 wildlife sanctuaries.
India currently has more than 400 wildlife sanctuaries.
Name one region in India where sacred groves can be found.
Name one region in India where sacred groves can be found.
The approach known as _________ involves taking threatened animals and plants out of their natural habitat.
The approach known as _________ involves taking threatened animals and plants out of their natural habitat.
Which of the following is not a method of ex situ conservation?
Which of the following is not a method of ex situ conservation?
Match the following conservation strategies with their descriptions:
Match the following conservation strategies with their descriptions:
The Convention on Biological Diversity was held in 1999.
The Convention on Biological Diversity was held in 1999.
What is the primary goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity?
What is the primary goal of the Convention on Biological Diversity?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an indirect benefit of biodiversity?
Which of the following is NOT an example of an indirect benefit of biodiversity?
In situ conservation refers to the protection of endangered species in their natural habitats.
In situ conservation refers to the protection of endangered species in their natural habitats.
The practice of maintaining threatened species in zoological parks is part of __________ conservation.
The practice of maintaining threatened species in zoological parks is part of __________ conservation.
What is one method used in ex situ biodiversity conservation?
What is one method used in ex situ biodiversity conservation?
The _______ and _______ regions of India are included as biodiversity hotspots.
The _______ and _______ regions of India are included as biodiversity hotspots.
Match the conservation method with its description:
Match the conservation method with its description:
Name one consequence of losing biodiversity.
Name one consequence of losing biodiversity.
What is a key attribute of a stable biological community?
What is a key attribute of a stable biological community?
Higher species diversity contributes to lower ecosystem productivity.
Higher species diversity contributes to lower ecosystem productivity.
What does the rivet popper hypothesis illustrate about species extinction?
What does the rivet popper hypothesis illustrate about species extinction?
According to Long-term ecosystem experiments, more species showed less year-to-year variation in total __________.
According to Long-term ecosystem experiments, more species showed less year-to-year variation in total __________.
Match the terms related to ecosystem stability with their descriptions:
Match the terms related to ecosystem stability with their descriptions:
Why is rich biodiversity considered essential for human survival?
Why is rich biodiversity considered essential for human survival?
All species in an ecosystem have an equal impact on its functioning.
All species in an ecosystem have an equal impact on its functioning.
What does increased biodiversity contribute to in an ecosystem, according to experiments conducted by David Tilman?
What does increased biodiversity contribute to in an ecosystem, according to experiments conducted by David Tilman?
Which of the following regions has the highest number of bird species?
Which of the following regions has the highest number of bird species?
Tropical regions are known to have less constant environments compared to temperate regions.
Tropical regions are known to have less constant environments compared to temperate regions.
What is a major factor that contributes to higher biodiversity in tropical regions compared to temperate ones?
What is a major factor that contributes to higher biodiversity in tropical regions compared to temperate ones?
The Amazon rainforest is home to over _______ species of reptiles.
The Amazon rainforest is home to over _______ species of reptiles.
What hypothesis does NOT relate to the greater biological diversity found in tropical regions?
What hypothesis does NOT relate to the greater biological diversity found in tropical regions?
Match the following regions with their approximate number of bird species:
Match the following regions with their approximate number of bird species:
What significant observation did Alexander von Humboldt make regarding species richness?
What significant observation did Alexander von Humboldt make regarding species richness?
There are estimated to be at least two million insect species yet to be discovered in tropical rainforests.
There are estimated to be at least two million insect species yet to be discovered in tropical rainforests.
What main consequence did the introduction of the Nile perch into Lake Victoria have?
What main consequence did the introduction of the Nile perch into Lake Victoria have?
The illegal introduction of Clarias gariepinus threatens indigenous catfish species.
The illegal introduction of Clarias gariepinus threatens indigenous catfish species.
What are the three categories of reasons for conserving biodiversity?
What are the three categories of reasons for conserving biodiversity?
Which plant is mentioned as an invasive species that causes ecological issues?
Which plant is mentioned as an invasive species that causes ecological issues?
All medicinally important plants are well-documented and explored.
All medicinally important plants are well-documented and explored.
What role does biodiversity play in ecosystem services, particularly in the Amazon forest?
What role does biodiversity play in ecosystem services, particularly in the Amazon forest?
What is the primary benefit of pollination in ecosystems?
What is the primary benefit of pollination in ecosystems?
In situ conservation protects biodiversity by saving the entire ecosystem.
In situ conservation protects biodiversity by saving the entire ecosystem.
Name the type of conservation that is necessary when a species is at high risk of extinction in the wild.
Name the type of conservation that is necessary when a species is at high risk of extinction in the wild.
The total number of identified biodiversity hotspots globally is ______.
The total number of identified biodiversity hotspots globally is ______.
What ethical argument is associated with conserving biodiversity?
What ethical argument is associated with conserving biodiversity?
Pollinators can include bees, birds, and bats.
Pollinators can include bees, birds, and bats.
The intrinsic value of species means that they have worth regardless of their ______ value.
The intrinsic value of species means that they have worth regardless of their ______ value.
In situ conservation refers to protecting endangered species in their natural habitat.
In situ conservation refers to protecting endangered species in their natural habitat.
The technique used to preserve the genetic material of endangered species is called __________.
The technique used to preserve the genetic material of endangered species is called __________.
What is one major cause of species losses in a geographical region?
What is one major cause of species losses in a geographical region?
Match the following conservation methods with their description:
Match the following conservation methods with their description:
Sacred groves contribute to biodiversity conservation by offering protected areas for local flora and fauna.
Sacred groves contribute to biodiversity conservation by offering protected areas for local flora and fauna.
What role do biotic components of the ecosystem play in controlling floods?
What role do biotic components of the ecosystem play in controlling floods?
What is the primary cause of biodiversity loss identified in the content?
What is the primary cause of biodiversity loss identified in the content?
Name one historical species that became extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
Name one historical species that became extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
The destruction of tropical rain forests is primarily for the cultivation of __________.
The destruction of tropical rain forests is primarily for the cultivation of __________.
Match the causes of biodiversity loss with their descriptions:
Match the causes of biodiversity loss with their descriptions:
What impact does loss of biodiversity NOT have on ecosystems?
What impact does loss of biodiversity NOT have on ecosystems?
Over-exploitation has no impact on marine fish populations worldwide.
Over-exploitation has no impact on marine fish populations worldwide.
What is the term used to describe the accelerated rates of species extinctions attributed to human activities?
What is the term used to describe the accelerated rates of species extinctions attributed to human activities?
What does the variable Z represent in the equation log S = log C + Z log A?
What does the variable Z represent in the equation log S = log C + Z log A?
The value of Z for species richness is typically less than 0.1.
The value of Z for species richness is typically less than 0.1.
What is the general shape of the relationship between species richness and area?
What is the general shape of the relationship between species richness and area?
On a logarithmic scale, the relationship between species richness and area becomes a _____ line.
On a logarithmic scale, the relationship between species richness and area becomes a _____ line.
Match the following Z value ranges with their corresponding contexts:
Match the following Z value ranges with their corresponding contexts:
What implication does a steeper slope Z value have when analyzing very large areas?
What implication does a steeper slope Z value have when analyzing very large areas?
The slopes of the regression line for species-area relationships are inconsistent across different taxonomic groups.
The slopes of the regression line for species-area relationships are inconsistent across different taxonomic groups.
What is the range of Z values for species-area relationships observed among smaller areas?
What is the range of Z values for species-area relationships observed among smaller areas?
Which of the following attributes defines a stable biological community?
Which of the following attributes defines a stable biological community?
Ecosystems with fewer species are generally believed to be more stable than those with more species.
Ecosystems with fewer species are generally believed to be more stable than those with more species.
What does the rivet popper hypothesis compare species to in an ecosystem?
What does the rivet popper hypothesis compare species to in an ecosystem?
According to David Tilman's experiments, increased biodiversity contributed to higher __________.
According to David Tilman's experiments, increased biodiversity contributed to higher __________.
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
Match the following terms with their correct descriptions:
What happens to an ecosystem as more rivets (species) are removed according to the analogy?
What happens to an ecosystem as more rivets (species) are removed according to the analogy?
Human survival is not dependent on biodiversity according to current research.
Human survival is not dependent on biodiversity according to current research.
What was one of the main findings of David Tilman's long-term ecosystem experiments?
What was one of the main findings of David Tilman's long-term ecosystem experiments?
What is the primary purpose of in situ conservation?
What is the primary purpose of in situ conservation?
Ex situ conservation is the main approach for preserving biodiversity in situations where species are not threatened.
Ex situ conservation is the main approach for preserving biodiversity in situations where species are not threatened.
What percentage of all bird species face the threat of extinction?
What percentage of all bird species face the threat of extinction?
Ecologists believe that extinction rates are currently slower than in pre-human times.
Ecologists believe that extinction rates are currently slower than in pre-human times.
The identified regions rich in biodiversity and high endemism are referred to as __________ hotspots.
The identified regions rich in biodiversity and high endemism are referred to as __________ hotspots.
Match the types of conservation with their descriptions:
Match the types of conservation with their descriptions:
Name one extinct species mentioned in the content.
Name one extinct species mentioned in the content.
Which of the following is a key aspect of the ethical argument for biodiversity conservation?
Which of the following is a key aspect of the ethical argument for biodiversity conservation?
The loss of biodiversity is primarily attributed to human __________.
The loss of biodiversity is primarily attributed to human __________.
The Amazon rainforest is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to its high species diversity and significant habitat loss.
The Amazon rainforest is considered a biodiversity hotspot due to its high species diversity and significant habitat loss.
Which of the following statements about current extinction trends is true?
Which of the following statements about current extinction trends is true?
How many biodiversity hotspots are currently recognized worldwide?
How many biodiversity hotspots are currently recognized worldwide?
The IUCN Red List documents over 700 species that have gone extinct in the last five centuries.
The IUCN Red List documents over 700 species that have gone extinct in the last five centuries.
According to the information, how many species are currently facing the threat of extinction worldwide?
According to the information, how many species are currently facing the threat of extinction worldwide?
Which of the following factors contributes to higher species richness in tropical regions?
Which of the following factors contributes to higher species richness in tropical regions?
More than 1.5 million species have been identified, and it is estimated that there are nearly 6 million species yet to be discovered.
More than 1.5 million species have been identified, and it is estimated that there are nearly 6 million species yet to be discovered.
What is one major cause of current high extinction rates?
What is one major cause of current high extinction rates?
Species that are estimated to face extinction threats currently number more than __________.
Species that are estimated to face extinction threats currently number more than __________.
Match the following countries to their biodiversity classification:
Match the following countries to their biodiversity classification:
The World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 aimed to achieve a significant reduction in biodiversity loss by which year?
The World Summit on Sustainable Development in 2002 aimed to achieve a significant reduction in biodiversity loss by which year?
Tropical regions have less evolutionary time compared to polar regions, affecting species diversity.
Tropical regions have less evolutionary time compared to polar regions, affecting species diversity.
Human activities contribute to extinction rates that are estimated to be __________ times higher than natural rates.
Human activities contribute to extinction rates that are estimated to be __________ times higher than natural rates.
Which of the following is NOT an indirect benefit provided by ecosystem services?
Which of the following is NOT an indirect benefit provided by ecosystem services?
In situ conservation involves protecting endangered species in controlled environments such as zoos.
In situ conservation involves protecting endangered species in controlled environments such as zoos.
Name two methods of ex situ conservation.
Name two methods of ex situ conservation.
Biodiversity hotspots are areas that are both rich in __________ and threatened by human activities.
Biodiversity hotspots are areas that are both rich in __________ and threatened by human activities.
Match the biodiversity hotspots with their regions:
Match the biodiversity hotspots with their regions:
Sacred groves play a significant role in biodiversity conservation.
Sacred groves play a significant role in biodiversity conservation.
What percentage of plant species diversity is represented as 22 percent, compared to 72 percent for animals?
What percentage of plant species diversity is represented as 22 percent, compared to 72 percent for animals?
What percentage of the total recorded species are animals?
What percentage of the total recorded species are animals?
Insects account for more than 70% of all animal species on Earth.
Insects account for more than 70% of all animal species on Earth.
According to estimates, how many species are globally expected to be discovered?
According to estimates, how many species are globally expected to be discovered?
More than ______ percent of the species recorded are plants.
More than ______ percent of the species recorded are plants.
Match the following regions with their species richness:
Match the following regions with their species richness:
Which group's species diversity is considered to be comparatively lower?
Which group's species diversity is considered to be comparatively lower?
Biologists estimate that the planet's biodiversity may reach approximately 7 million species.
Biologists estimate that the planet's biodiversity may reach approximately 7 million species.
What is the largest taxonomic group of animals in terms of species richness?
What is the largest taxonomic group of animals in terms of species richness?
What percentage of amphibian species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
What percentage of amphibian species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
Human activities have been a significant factor in the loss of biodiversity.
Human activities have been a significant factor in the loss of biodiversity.
Name one species that is mentioned as having gone extinct in recent history.
Name one species that is mentioned as having gone extinct in recent history.
More than ______ species worldwide are facing the threat of extinction.
More than ______ species worldwide are facing the threat of extinction.
Match the following extinct species with their respective origins:
Match the following extinct species with their respective origins:
What is the estimated rate of current species extinction compared to pre-human times?
What is the estimated rate of current species extinction compared to pre-human times?
The extinction crisis we are facing now is similar to the five previous mass extinctions in terms of causes.
The extinction crisis we are facing now is similar to the five previous mass extinctions in terms of causes.
What did Paul Ehrlich's 'rivet popper hypothesis' imply about ecosystem functioning?
What did Paul Ehrlich's 'rivet popper hypothesis' imply about ecosystem functioning?
Increased species diversity generally leads to higher stability in ecosystems.
Increased species diversity generally leads to higher stability in ecosystems.
According to David Tilman, what effect does species richness have on biomass variation?
According to David Tilman, what effect does species richness have on biomass variation?
A stable biological community should be both resistant and _____ to disturbances.
A stable biological community should be both resistant and _____ to disturbances.
Match the following attributes of stable communities with their descriptions:
Match the following attributes of stable communities with their descriptions:
What significant role does biodiversity play in an ecosystem?
What significant role does biodiversity play in an ecosystem?
The loss of any species does not have immediate effects on ecosystem functioning.
The loss of any species does not have immediate effects on ecosystem functioning.
Increasing loss of species can eventually weaken an ecosystem, similar to how _____ rivets weaken an airplane.
Increasing loss of species can eventually weaken an ecosystem, similar to how _____ rivets weaken an airplane.
What percentage of named species are animals, according to the biodiversity data?
What percentage of named species are animals, according to the biodiversity data?
Biodiversity is uniformly distributed across the Earth.
Biodiversity is uniformly distributed across the Earth.
How many species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
How many species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
The current rates of extinction are estimated to be _______ times higher than natural rates.
The current rates of extinction are estimated to be _______ times higher than natural rates.
Match the following causes of extinction with their descriptions:
Match the following causes of extinction with their descriptions:
Which country is identified as one of the 12 mega-diversity countries?
Which country is identified as one of the 12 mega-diversity countries?
Tropical regions receive less solar energy than polar regions.
Tropical regions receive less solar energy than polar regions.
What is the main ethical reason for conserving biodiversity?
What is the main ethical reason for conserving biodiversity?
Which of the following biodiversity hotspots cover regions in India?
Which of the following biodiversity hotspots cover regions in India?
Ex situ conservation involves protecting species within their natural habitats.
Ex situ conservation involves protecting species within their natural habitats.
Name one type of conservation area where India's biodiversity is legally protected.
Name one type of conservation area where India's biodiversity is legally protected.
India currently has ______ biosphere reserves.
India currently has ______ biosphere reserves.
What percentage of the earth's land area is collectively covered by biodiversity hotspots?
What percentage of the earth's land area is collectively covered by biodiversity hotspots?
Cryopreservation techniques are used to protect gametes of endangered species.
Cryopreservation techniques are used to protect gametes of endangered species.
What major event in 1992 called for the conservation of biodiversity?
What major event in 1992 called for the conservation of biodiversity?
What is one of the direct benefits humans receive from biodiversity?
What is one of the direct benefits humans receive from biodiversity?
In situ conservation involves protecting species outside their natural habitat.
In situ conservation involves protecting species outside their natural habitat.
Name one biodiversity hotspot that covers regions rich in biodiversity in India.
Name one biodiversity hotspot that covers regions rich in biodiversity in India.
Ex situ conservation methods include __________ and botanical gardens.
Ex situ conservation methods include __________ and botanical gardens.
Which of the following methods is used to maintain the genetic material of threatened species?
Which of the following methods is used to maintain the genetic material of threatened species?
Ecosystem services such as pollination are considered direct benefits of biodiversity.
Ecosystem services such as pollination are considered direct benefits of biodiversity.
How do biotic components of the ecosystem help in flood control?
How do biotic components of the ecosystem help in flood control?
What type of biodiversity refers to the variety of different species within a given area?
What type of biodiversity refers to the variety of different species within a given area?
Ecological diversity pertains only to the genetic variations within a single species.
Ecological diversity pertains only to the genetic variations within a single species.
What is one way humans benefit from biodiversity?
What is one way humans benefit from biodiversity?
There are more than ______ species of beetles identified globally.
There are more than ______ species of beetles identified globally.
Match the following types of biodiversity with their descriptions:
Match the following types of biodiversity with their descriptions:
Which of the following regions is noted for having greater amphibian species diversity?
Which of the following regions is noted for having greater amphibian species diversity?
Biodiversity is irrelevant to the functioning of ecosystems.
Biodiversity is irrelevant to the functioning of ecosystems.
Name one type of ecosystem found in India that contributes to its ecological diversity.
Name one type of ecosystem found in India that contributes to its ecological diversity.
What percentage of the total documented species on Earth are animals?
What percentage of the total documented species on Earth are animals?
Insects make up the majority of species on Earth.
Insects make up the majority of species on Earth.
What is the estimated number of plant and animal species described so far?
What is the estimated number of plant and animal species described so far?
More than ______ of the species recorded are animals.
More than ______ of the species recorded are animals.
Match the following estimated species groups with their descriptions:
Match the following estimated species groups with their descriptions:
According to Robert May, what is a more conservative estimate of global species diversity?
According to Robert May, what is a more conservative estimate of global species diversity?
The majority of undiscovered species are likely to be found in temperate regions.
The majority of undiscovered species are likely to be found in temperate regions.
Which of the following best represents the pattern of species diversity as one moves away from the equator?
Which of the following best represents the pattern of species diversity as one moves away from the equator?
What critical issue is highlighted regarding biodiversity and its conservation?
What critical issue is highlighted regarding biodiversity and its conservation?
India is considered one of the top mega diversity countries in the world.
India is considered one of the top mega diversity countries in the world.
How many plant species are estimated to be undiscovered in India?
How many plant species are estimated to be undiscovered in India?
Species diversity is highest in the ______ region.
Species diversity is highest in the ______ region.
Match the following categories with their respective species diversity estimates:
Match the following categories with their respective species diversity estimates:
What is a major challenge in estimating the diversity of prokaryotic species?
What is a major challenge in estimating the diversity of prokaryotic species?
Tropical areas generally harbor fewer species than temperate regions.
Tropical areas generally harbor fewer species than temperate regions.
What percentage of the Earth's total species has been recorded according to May's global estimates?
What percentage of the Earth's total species has been recorded according to May's global estimates?
What is the primary goal of the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002?
What is the primary goal of the World Summit on Sustainable Development held in 2002?
Over 70% of identified species are not animals but fungi.
Over 70% of identified species are not animals but fungi.
What is a major contributing factor to species richness in the tropics?
What is a major contributing factor to species richness in the tropics?
Nearly ______ species have become extinct in recent times.
Nearly ______ species have become extinct in recent times.
Which of the following countries is identified as one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world?
Which of the following countries is identified as one of the 12 mega diversity countries of the world?
Earth's fossil history has not shown any incidents of mass extinctions.
Earth's fossil history has not shown any incidents of mass extinctions.
What percentage of current extinction rates is attributed to human activities?
What percentage of current extinction rates is attributed to human activities?
Which of the following is a direct benefit of biodiversity?
Which of the following is a direct benefit of biodiversity?
In situ conservation involves preserving endangered species in artificial environments.
In situ conservation involves preserving endangered species in artificial environments.
Name one major cause of species loss in geographical regions.
Name one major cause of species loss in geographical regions.
The protective maintenance of threatened species in zoos is an example of ________ conservation.
The protective maintenance of threatened species in zoos is an example of ________ conservation.
Match the following biodiversity hotspots with their locations:
Match the following biodiversity hotspots with their locations:
Biodiversity hotspots are regions recognized for their rich biodiversity and high levels of endemism.
Biodiversity hotspots are regions recognized for their rich biodiversity and high levels of endemism.
What are sacred groves and what role do they play in conservation?
What are sacred groves and what role do they play in conservation?
What is the main benefit provided by natural pollinators in ecosystems?
What is the main benefit provided by natural pollinators in ecosystems?
Ex situ conservation refers to the protection of species in their natural habitats.
Ex situ conservation refers to the protection of species in their natural habitats.
What is the term used for regions with very high levels of species richness and endemism?
What is the term used for regions with very high levels of species richness and endemism?
The moral duty to care for the well-being of species is considered a(n) __________ argument for conserving biodiversity.
The moral duty to care for the well-being of species is considered a(n) __________ argument for conserving biodiversity.
Match the type of conservation with its description:
Match the type of conservation with its description:
Why is conserving all biological wealth often considered unrealistic for many nations?
Why is conserving all biological wealth often considered unrealistic for many nations?
There are currently 34 recognized biodiversity hotspots in the world.
There are currently 34 recognized biodiversity hotspots in the world.
What approach is called when entire ecosystems are conserved to protect specific species?
What approach is called when entire ecosystems are conserved to protect specific species?
How many species of birds can be found in Colombia?
How many species of birds can be found in Colombia?
New York has more species of birds than Greenland.
New York has more species of birds than Greenland.
What is the greatest biodiversity region on Earth?
What is the greatest biodiversity region on Earth?
A tropical region like Equador can have up to _____ times as many species of vascular plants as temperate regions.
A tropical region like Equador can have up to _____ times as many species of vascular plants as temperate regions.
Match the following regions with their number of bird species:
Match the following regions with their number of bird species:
What is one hypothesis explaining greater biological diversity in the tropics?
What is one hypothesis explaining greater biological diversity in the tropics?
Tropical environments experience more seasonal changes compared to temperate environments.
Tropical environments experience more seasonal changes compared to temperate environments.
How many species of plants has the Amazonian rainforest been reported to have?
How many species of plants has the Amazonian rainforest been reported to have?
Which of the following is NOT a method of conservation mentioned?
Which of the following is NOT a method of conservation mentioned?
Ex situ conservation only provides temporary protection for endangered species.
Ex situ conservation only provides temporary protection for endangered species.
Name one sacred grove region in India.
Name one sacred grove region in India.
The Convention on Biological Diversity was held in _____ in 1992.
The Convention on Biological Diversity was held in _____ in 1992.
Match the conservation area types with their numbers in India:
Match the conservation area types with their numbers in India:
What percentage of the Earth's land area do biodiversity hotspots cover?
What percentage of the Earth's land area do biodiversity hotspots cover?
What is the primary purpose of seed banks?
What is the primary purpose of seed banks?
India's conservation efforts include traditional religious practices that protect nature.
India's conservation efforts include traditional religious practices that protect nature.
The value of Z for species richness is consistently above 0.5.
The value of Z for species richness is consistently above 0.5.
What is the slope value range for species-area relationships among large areas like continents?
What is the slope value range for species-area relationships among large areas like continents?
On a logarithmic scale, the relationship between species richness and area is described by the equation log S = log C + Z log A. Here, S stands for _____ .
On a logarithmic scale, the relationship between species richness and area is described by the equation log S = log C + Z log A. Here, S stands for _____ .
Match the following taxa with the corresponding area they were studied:
Match the following taxa with the corresponding area they were studied:
What does a steeper slope in the Z value indicate in the context of species-area relationships?
What does a steeper slope in the Z value indicate in the context of species-area relationships?
The relationship between species richness and area is always a straight line on a logarithmic scale regardless of taxonomic group.
The relationship between species richness and area is always a straight line on a logarithmic scale regardless of taxonomic group.
For frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests, what is the approximate slope value observed?
For frugivorous birds and mammals in tropical forests, what is the approximate slope value observed?
What is an indirect benefit provided by ecosystems?
What is an indirect benefit provided by ecosystems?
In situ conservation methods involve protecting species in artificial environments.
In situ conservation methods involve protecting species in artificial environments.
What percentage of named species are animals?
What percentage of named species are animals?
Habitat loss is one of the causes of high extinction rates today.
Habitat loss is one of the causes of high extinction rates today.
What term describes the conservation method that focuses on protecting species in their natural habitat?
What term describes the conservation method that focuses on protecting species in their natural habitat?
Biodiversity hotspots are regions that have low levels of species richness and high degrees of habitat preservation.
Biodiversity hotspots are regions that have low levels of species richness and high degrees of habitat preservation.
Name one factor that contributes to higher species richness in the tropics.
Name one factor that contributes to higher species richness in the tropics.
The conservation technique involving the preservation of gametes is called __________.
The conservation technique involving the preservation of gametes is called __________.
What is the intrinsic value of species?
What is the intrinsic value of species?
The group ______ has more species than all the vertebrate species combined.
The group ______ has more species than all the vertebrate species combined.
Which of the following is a reason for increased species richness in tropical regions?
Which of the following is a reason for increased species richness in tropical regions?
An example of an off-site conservation strategy is __________.
An example of an off-site conservation strategy is __________.
Match the specific causes of biodiversity loss with their descriptions:
Match the specific causes of biodiversity loss with their descriptions:
Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functioning and resilience.
Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functioning and resilience.
What role do sacred groves play in conservation?
What role do sacred groves play in conservation?
Extinction rates today are primarily attributed to natural processes.
Extinction rates today are primarily attributed to natural processes.
What is a moral duty regarding biodiversity conservation?
What is a moral duty regarding biodiversity conservation?
Approximately how many species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
Approximately how many species are currently facing the threat of extinction?
Pollinators, such as bees and birds, provide significant ecosystem services that are easily replaceable by human efforts.
Pollinators, such as bees and birds, provide significant ecosystem services that are easily replaceable by human efforts.
Which type of biodiversity reflects the variety of different species within a given habitat?
Which type of biodiversity reflects the variety of different species within a given habitat?
Genetic diversity only refers to the differences in physical appearance among individuals of a species.
Genetic diversity only refers to the differences in physical appearance among individuals of a species.
Name one major factor contributing to ecological diversity in India.
Name one major factor contributing to ecological diversity in India.
The study of biodiversity that focuses on the interaction between different species and their environments is known as __________.
The study of biodiversity that focuses on the interaction between different species and their environments is known as __________.
Which of the following statements best describes the importance of biodiversity?
Which of the following statements best describes the importance of biodiversity?
The Amazon rainforest is often referred to as the 'lungs of the planet' because it produces a significant amount of the world's oxygen.
The Amazon rainforest is often referred to as the 'lungs of the planet' because it produces a significant amount of the world's oxygen.
What is the term used for human-induced biodiversity loss?
What is the term used for human-induced biodiversity loss?
What percentage of global species diversity is estimated to be found in India?
What percentage of global species diversity is estimated to be found in India?
Prokaryotes are well understood in terms of their species diversity.
Prokaryotes are well understood in terms of their species diversity.
Approximately how many plant species are estimated to be yet to be discovered in India?
Approximately how many plant species are estimated to be yet to be discovered in India?
Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the _______.
Species diversity decreases as we move away from the equator towards the _______.
Match the following taxa with their estimated species diversity:
Match the following taxa with their estimated species diversity:
What is a significant threat to newly discovered species in India?
What is a significant threat to newly discovered species in India?
The tropics typically have fewer species compared to temperate or polar areas.
The tropics typically have fewer species compared to temperate or polar areas.
What is the primary reason that makes estimating prokaryotic species diversity difficult?
What is the primary reason that makes estimating prokaryotic species diversity difficult?
The slope of the species-area relationship is typically lower for smaller areas compared to larger areas.
The slope of the species-area relationship is typically lower for smaller areas compared to larger areas.
What is the range of Z values found in species-area relationships for very large areas such as continents?
What is the range of Z values found in species-area relationships for very large areas such as continents?
The equation log S = log C + Z log A shows a relationship between species richness and __________.
The equation log S = log C + Z log A shows a relationship between species richness and __________.
Match the taxonomic groups with their respective findings regarding the Z value.
Match the taxonomic groups with their respective findings regarding the Z value.
What does a steeper slope (Z value) indicate in the context of species-area relationships?
What does a steeper slope (Z value) indicate in the context of species-area relationships?
The species-area relationship is linear when represented on a logarithmic scale.
The species-area relationship is linear when represented on a logarithmic scale.
The Y-intercept in the species-area equation is denoted by the variable __________.
The Y-intercept in the species-area equation is denoted by the variable __________.
Tropical environments have less seasonal variation compared to temperate regions.
Tropical environments have less seasonal variation compared to temperate regions.
How many species of plants are found in the Amazon rainforest?
How many species of plants are found in the Amazon rainforest?
Due to historical glaciations, temperate regions have seen more frequent ______ than tropical regions.
Due to historical glaciations, temperate regions have seen more frequent ______ than tropical regions.
Match the regions with their respective species richness:
Match the regions with their respective species richness:
Which hypothesis suggests that more solar energy in tropical regions contributes to biodiversity?
Which hypothesis suggests that more solar energy in tropical regions contributes to biodiversity?
Species richness decreases with increasing explored area, according to Alexander von Humboldt's observations.
Species richness decreases with increasing explored area, according to Alexander von Humboldt's observations.
What major ecological impact occurred due to the introduction of the Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
What major ecological impact occurred due to the introduction of the Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
Co-extinctions refer to the phenomenon where the extinction of one species leads to the extinction of another species it is associated with.
Co-extinctions refer to the phenomenon where the extinction of one species leads to the extinction of another species it is associated with.
What phenomenon is suggested to result in at least two million insect species awaiting discovery in tropical rainforests?
What phenomenon is suggested to result in at least two million insect species awaiting discovery in tropical rainforests?
Over 25 percent of the drugs currently sold in the market are derived from _______.
Over 25 percent of the drugs currently sold in the market are derived from _______.
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Amazon rainforest?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the Amazon rainforest?
Bioprospecting might lead to the discovery of new medicinally useful plants.
Bioprospecting might lead to the discovery of new medicinally useful plants.
What role does biodiversity play in ecosystem services?
What role does biodiversity play in ecosystem services?
Which of the following factors contributes to the higher species richness found in tropical regions?
Which of the following factors contributes to the higher species richness found in tropical regions?
The average extinction rate currently observed is lower than the historical rates of extinction.
The average extinction rate currently observed is lower than the historical rates of extinction.
What percentage of the named species in the world are animals?
What percentage of the named species in the world are animals?
India is classified as one of the _____ mega diversity countries in the world.
India is classified as one of the _____ mega diversity countries in the world.
Match the following threats to biodiversity with their descriptions:
Match the following threats to biodiversity with their descriptions:
Which of the following is NOT a reason for conserving biodiversity?
Which of the following is NOT a reason for conserving biodiversity?
Fungi have fewer species than all vertebrate species combined.
Fungi have fewer species than all vertebrate species combined.
What is the primary focus of conservation efforts regarding biodiversity?
What is the primary focus of conservation efforts regarding biodiversity?
Which of the following best characterizes genetic diversity?
Which of the following best characterizes genetic diversity?
Which of the following regions shows the highest species diversity?
Which of the following regions shows the highest species diversity?
Ecological diversity is the variety found at the species level.
Ecological diversity is the variety found at the species level.
What is the term popularized by Edward Wilson to describe biodiversity?
What is the term popularized by Edward Wilson to describe biodiversity?
India contributes 8.1 percent to the world's species diversity.
India contributes 8.1 percent to the world's species diversity.
Estimate the number of plant species yet to be discovered in India.
Estimate the number of plant species yet to be discovered in India.
India has more than _____ varieties of mango.
India has more than _____ varieties of mango.
Which factor does NOT contribute to biodiversity?
Which factor does NOT contribute to biodiversity?
The situation appears more hopeless as many species face the threat of becoming __________.
The situation appears more hopeless as many species face the threat of becoming __________.
Match the biodiversity terms with their descriptions:
Match the biodiversity terms with their descriptions:
Match the following types of biodiversity with their examples:
Match the following types of biodiversity with their examples:
Ex situ conservation involves leaving species in their natural habitats to thrive.
Ex situ conservation involves leaving species in their natural habitats to thrive.
The Western Ghats have greater species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.
The Western Ghats have greater species diversity than the Eastern Ghats.
What percentage of total species have been recorded globally according to May's estimates?
What percentage of total species have been recorded globally according to May's estimates?
What is one benefit humans derive from biodiversity?
What is one benefit humans derive from biodiversity?
The method used to preserve the gametes of threatened species is called __________.
The method used to preserve the gametes of threatened species is called __________.
The current extinction rates are slower than in pre-human times.
The current extinction rates are slower than in pre-human times.
The Amazon rainforest is known as the 'lungs of the planet' because it produces __________.
The Amazon rainforest is known as the 'lungs of the planet' because it produces __________.
Which of the following statements is true regarding India’s national parks?
Which of the following statements is true regarding India’s national parks?
Sacred groves are only found in the northern regions of India.
Sacred groves are only found in the northern regions of India.
Which of the following is NOT an example of ecosystem services?
Which of the following is NOT an example of ecosystem services?
The practice of preserving gametes of threatened species is known as __________.
The practice of preserving gametes of threatened species is known as __________.
What is one major threat to biodiversity mentioned?
What is one major threat to biodiversity mentioned?
Ex situ conservation includes methods such as in vitro fertilization.
Ex situ conservation includes methods such as in vitro fertilization.
What are sacred groves and what is their role in conservation?
What are sacred groves and what is their role in conservation?
What is the estimated total number of species described so far?
What is the estimated total number of species described so far?
Insects account for more than 70% of animal species recorded on Earth.
Insects account for more than 70% of animal species recorded on Earth.
What percentage of all species recorded are plants?
What percentage of all species recorded are plants?
The total number of species on Earth is estimated to be between ____ and ____ million.
The total number of species on Earth is estimated to be between ____ and ____ million.
Match the following estimates of species with their characteristics:
Match the following estimates of species with their characteristics:
According to current estimates, which of the following groups has the largest number of species?
According to current estimates, which of the following groups has the largest number of species?
The number of fungal species is less than the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
The number of fungal species is less than the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
What is one primary reason for higher species richness in tropical areas compared to temperate areas?
What is one primary reason for higher species richness in tropical areas compared to temperate areas?
What is the primary reason for the high species richness in the tropics?
What is the primary reason for the high species richness in the tropics?
The current extinction rates are significantly higher than those in pre-human times.
The current extinction rates are significantly higher than those in pre-human times.
How many species are estimated to have become extinct in recent times?
How many species are estimated to have become extinct in recent times?
Which of the following would NOT be considered a reason for conserving biodiversity?
Which of the following would NOT be considered a reason for conserving biodiversity?
Species diversity is uniformly distributed across different regions of the Earth.
Species diversity is uniformly distributed across different regions of the Earth.
What is one of the top causes of high extinction rates today?
What is one of the top causes of high extinction rates today?
What percentage of all recorded species are animals?
What percentage of all recorded species are animals?
According to estimates, there are fewer than 1.5 million species described on Earth.
According to estimates, there are fewer than 1.5 million species described on Earth.
What is the estimated number of species believed to exist globally?
What is the estimated number of species believed to exist globally?
More than _____ per cent of all species recorded are animals.
More than _____ per cent of all species recorded are animals.
Match the following taxonomic groups with their respective percentage of total species:
Match the following taxonomic groups with their respective percentage of total species:
What is the major reason for the incomplete inventories of species in tropical countries?
What is the major reason for the incomplete inventories of species in tropical countries?
The species richness is typically more complete in tropical countries than in temperate regions.
The species richness is typically more complete in tropical countries than in temperate regions.
What group is identified as the most species-rich among animals?
What group is identified as the most species-rich among animals?
What percentage of all amphibian species worldwide face the threat of extinction?
What percentage of all amphibian species worldwide face the threat of extinction?
The current species extinction rates are estimated to be slower than in pre-human times.
The current species extinction rates are estimated to be slower than in pre-human times.
Which of the following groups appears to be more vulnerable to extinction?
Which of the following groups appears to be more vulnerable to extinction?
Match the following extinct species with their origins:
Match the following extinct species with their origins:
The colonization of tropical Pacific Islands by humans has resulted in the extinction of fewer than 2,000 species of native birds.
The colonization of tropical Pacific Islands by humans has resulted in the extinction of fewer than 2,000 species of native birds.
What is one consequence of introducing the Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
What is one consequence of introducing the Nile perch into Lake Victoria?
Co-extinction refers to the phenomenon where the extinction of one species can cause the extinction of another species that it depends on.
Co-extinction refers to the phenomenon where the extinction of one species can cause the extinction of another species that it depends on.
What percentage of drugs sold globally are derived from plant sources?
What percentage of drugs sold globally are derived from plant sources?
Biodiversity is essential for providing ecosystem services, including the production of __________.
Biodiversity is essential for providing ecosystem services, including the production of __________.
Match the invasive species with their potential impact:
Match the invasive species with their potential impact:
What is the primary reason for the illegal introduction of the African catfish?
What is the primary reason for the illegal introduction of the African catfish?
The Amazon rainforest is estimated to produce 40% of the total oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.
The Amazon rainforest is estimated to produce 40% of the total oxygen in the Earth's atmosphere.
Name one reason why we should conserve biodiversity.
Name one reason why we should conserve biodiversity.
What is one major reason biologists struggle to identify prokaryotic species?
What is one major reason biologists struggle to identify prokaryotic species?
India contributes approximately 8.1% to global species diversity.
India contributes approximately 8.1% to global species diversity.
Estimate how many plant species are likely yet to be discovered in India.
Estimate how many plant species are likely yet to be discovered in India.
Species diversity tends to decrease as we move away from the ______.
Species diversity tends to decrease as we move away from the ______.
What is the primary cause of species extinction due to habitat loss?
What is the primary cause of species extinction due to habitat loss?
The Amazon rainforest is currently covering more than 14% of the Earth’s land surface.
The Amazon rainforest is currently covering more than 14% of the Earth’s land surface.
Which statement is true about the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity?
Which statement is true about the latitudinal gradient in biodiversity?
Biologists estimate that ______ percent of the total species have been recorded to date.
Biologists estimate that ______ percent of the total species have been recorded to date.
Match the following biological groups with their diversity contributions:
Match the following biological groups with their diversity contributions:
The phenomenon when alien species cause harm to native populations is known as __________.
The phenomenon when alien species cause harm to native populations is known as __________.
The majority of species in tropical regions are better understood than those in temperate or polar areas.
The majority of species in tropical regions are better understood than those in temperate or polar areas.
Which of the following is NOT one of the major causes of biodiversity loss known as 'The Evil Quartet'?
Which of the following is NOT one of the major causes of biodiversity loss known as 'The Evil Quartet'?
Over-exploitation provides more resources to species than they actually need.
Over-exploitation provides more resources to species than they actually need.
What percentage of currently named species are animals?
What percentage of currently named species are animals?
The current extinction rates are lower than the historical rates observed during mass extinctions.
The current extinction rates are lower than the historical rates observed during mass extinctions.
Name one primary cause of biodiversity loss.
Name one primary cause of biodiversity loss.
Match the following biodiversity levels with their descriptions:
Match the following biodiversity levels with their descriptions:
Which explanation contributes to the higher species richness in the tropics?
Which explanation contributes to the higher species richness in the tropics?
The group Fungi has more species than all vertebrate species combined.
The group Fungi has more species than all vertebrate species combined.
What is the estimated number of species awaiting discovery on Earth?
What is the estimated number of species awaiting discovery on Earth?
What is the estimated number of species currently described on Earth?
What is the estimated number of species currently described on Earth?
Insects make up more than 70 percent of all animal species recorded.
Insects make up more than 70 percent of all animal species recorded.
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is abbreviated as _____
The International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources is abbreviated as _____
Match the species count estimates with their descriptions:
Match the species count estimates with their descriptions:
What group of organisms is estimated to have more species than fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals combined?
What group of organisms is estimated to have more species than fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals combined?
The majority of undiscovered species are believed to exist in temperate regions.
The majority of undiscovered species are believed to exist in temperate regions.
Provide one reason why biodiversity is vital for human survival.
Provide one reason why biodiversity is vital for human survival.
Which type of biodiversity describes the variety of species in a specific region?
Which type of biodiversity describes the variety of species in a specific region?
The genetic diversity of a species only refers to the genetic differences between individuals of that species.
The genetic diversity of a species only refers to the genetic differences between individuals of that species.
What is the estimated number of species of beetles on Earth?
What is the estimated number of species of beetles on Earth?
Which of the following statements best describes ecological diversity?
Which of the following statements best describes ecological diversity?
Ecological diversity is greater in Norway than in India.
Ecological diversity is greater in Norway than in India.
Name one type of ecosystem diversity found in India.
Name one type of ecosystem diversity found in India.
The extinction of more than 15,500 species worldwide is primarily due to natural processes.
The extinction of more than 15,500 species worldwide is primarily due to natural processes.
Name one of the species that is known to have gone extinct in recent history.
Name one of the species that is known to have gone extinct in recent history.
More than ________ species of native birds are believed to have gone extinct due to human colonization in the tropical Pacific Islands.
More than ________ species of native birds are believed to have gone extinct due to human colonization in the tropical Pacific Islands.
Which of the following is NOT one of the main causes of biodiversity loss commonly referred to as 'The Evil Quartet'?
Which of the following is NOT one of the main causes of biodiversity loss commonly referred to as 'The Evil Quartet'?
Habitat loss and fragmentation have little impact on species that require large territories.
Habitat loss and fragmentation have little impact on species that require large territories.
Name one effect of biodiversity loss in a region.
Name one effect of biodiversity loss in a region.
The Amazon rainforest is often called the '________ of the planet' due to its role in producing oxygen.
The Amazon rainforest is often called the '________ of the planet' due to its role in producing oxygen.
What percentage of the earth's land surface do tropical rain forests currently cover?
What percentage of the earth's land surface do tropical rain forests currently cover?
Over-exploitation of species has only affected terrestrial animals, not marine populations.
Over-exploitation of species has only affected terrestrial animals, not marine populations.
Provide an example of a species that has gone extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
Provide an example of a species that has gone extinct due to over-exploitation by humans.
What species introduced into Lake Victoria contributed to the extinction of over 200 species of cichlid fish?
What species introduced into Lake Victoria contributed to the extinction of over 200 species of cichlid fish?
Co-extinction occurs when a host species becomes extinct and all its associated species survive.
Co-extinction occurs when a host species becomes extinct and all its associated species survive.
Name one product derived from plants that constitute the drugs sold in the market.
Name one product derived from plants that constitute the drugs sold in the market.
The introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus poses a threat to the indigenous _____ in our rivers.
The introduction of the African catfish Clarias gariepinus poses a threat to the indigenous _____ in our rivers.
Which of the following is a broadly utilitarian reason for conserving biodiversity?
Which of the following is a broadly utilitarian reason for conserving biodiversity?
Bioprospecting is the exploration of genetic diversity for products of economic significance.
Bioprospecting is the exploration of genetic diversity for products of economic significance.
What percentage of the total oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere is produced by the Amazon forest through photosynthesis?
What percentage of the total oxygen in the Earth’s atmosphere is produced by the Amazon forest through photosynthesis?
What is the primary cause of the recent high rates of extinction?
What is the primary cause of the recent high rates of extinction?
Species diversity is evenly distributed across the planet and does not vary by region.
Species diversity is evenly distributed across the planet and does not vary by region.
Name one reason for conserving biodiversity.
Name one reason for conserving biodiversity.
Match each type of biodiversity with its description:
Match each type of biodiversity with its description:
Which of the following factors is NOT a primary cause of current biodiversity loss?
Which of the following factors is NOT a primary cause of current biodiversity loss?
India is one of the twelve mega-diverse countries in the world due to its high number of species.
India is one of the twelve mega-diverse countries in the world due to its high number of species.
How many species are estimated to still be undiscovered on Earth?
How many species are estimated to still be undiscovered on Earth?
What aspect of a community tends to indicate its stability?
What aspect of a community tends to indicate its stability?
Higher biodiversity is correlated with lower productivity in ecosystems.
Higher biodiversity is correlated with lower productivity in ecosystems.
What did the rivet popper hypothesis illustrate regarding ecosystem functioning?
What did the rivet popper hypothesis illustrate regarding ecosystem functioning?
Tilman’s experiments show that increased species diversity correlates with lower year-to-year variation in __________.
Tilman’s experiments show that increased species diversity correlates with lower year-to-year variation in __________.
Match the types of disturbances to their effects on ecosystems:
Match the types of disturbances to their effects on ecosystems:
What is a possible consequence of losing species from an ecosystem, according to the rivet analogy?
What is a possible consequence of losing species from an ecosystem, according to the rivet analogy?
Ecologists have a clear and definitive answer about the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning.
Ecologists have a clear and definitive answer about the relationship between species diversity and ecosystem functioning.
Which of these regions has the highest number of bird species?
Which of these regions has the highest number of bird species?
Tropical regions have less seasonal variation compared to temperate regions.
Tropical regions have less seasonal variation compared to temperate regions.
What is the relationship between area size and species richness observed by Alexander von Humboldt?
What is the relationship between area size and species richness observed by Alexander von Humboldt?
The Amazon rainforest is home to more than ______ species of plants.
The Amazon rainforest is home to more than ______ species of plants.
Match the following regions with the number of bird species found there:
Match the following regions with the number of bird species found there:
What factor contributes to greater species diversity in tropical regions?
What factor contributes to greater species diversity in tropical regions?
Scientists estimate that there are fewer than two million insect species in tropical rainforests.
Scientists estimate that there are fewer than two million insect species in tropical rainforests.
What is a primary reason that the tropics have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years?
What is a primary reason that the tropics have remained relatively undisturbed for millions of years?
What is a conservative estimate of the global species diversity according to Robert May?
What is a conservative estimate of the global species diversity according to Robert May?
More than 70% of all recorded species are plants.
More than 70% of all recorded species are plants.
Among animals, which group comprises more than 70% of the total species?
Among animals, which group comprises more than 70% of the total species?
The total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than _________ million.
The total number of plant and animal species described so far is slightly more than _________ million.
Match the following estimated global species diversity with their sources:
Match the following estimated global species diversity with their sources:
Which group has more species than the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?
Which group has more species than the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?
Tropical countries have a more complete species inventory compared to temperate countries.
Tropical countries have a more complete species inventory compared to temperate countries.
Which of the following is NOT a major cause of biodiversity loss?
Which of the following is NOT a major cause of biodiversity loss?
The Amazon rainforest currently covers more than 10% of Earth's land surface.
The Amazon rainforest currently covers more than 10% of Earth's land surface.
What is one major consequence of habitat loss for species?
What is one major consequence of habitat loss for species?
The introduction of alien species can sometimes lead to the decline of __________ species.
The introduction of alien species can sometimes lead to the decline of __________ species.
Which of the following species went extinct primarily due to over-exploitation?
Which of the following species went extinct primarily due to over-exploitation?
Rainforests covered more than 14% of the world's land surface in the past.
Rainforests covered more than 14% of the world's land surface in the past.
What significant impact does biodiversity loss have on environmental resilience?
What significant impact does biodiversity loss have on environmental resilience?
What approach is used for conserving biodiversity in its natural habitat?
What approach is used for conserving biodiversity in its natural habitat?
Biodiversity hotspots are regions with low levels of species richness.
Biodiversity hotspots are regions with low levels of species richness.
What is the term for urgent measures needed to save an endangered species from extinction?
What is the term for urgent measures needed to save an endangered species from extinction?
Pollination is facilitated by __________ which are crucial for food production.
Pollination is facilitated by __________ which are crucial for food production.
Match the following types of conservation with their focus areas:
Match the following types of conservation with their focus areas:
Which of the following is considered an intangible benefit derived from nature?
Which of the following is considered an intangible benefit derived from nature?
Every species has an intrinsic value regardless of its economic worth.
Every species has an intrinsic value regardless of its economic worth.
Which of the following factors contributes to higher species richness in the tropics?
Which of the following factors contributes to higher species richness in the tropics?
Human activities have not significantly affected current extinction rates.
Human activities have not significantly affected current extinction rates.
What is the estimated number of species that may still be undiscovered on Earth?
What is the estimated number of species that may still be undiscovered on Earth?
More than _____ species have been recorded in the world.
More than _____ species have been recorded in the world.
Which country is recognized as one of the 12 mega diversity countries in the world?
Which country is recognized as one of the 12 mega diversity countries in the world?
Species diversity is uniformly distributed across all regions of the Earth.
Species diversity is uniformly distributed across all regions of the Earth.
The group Fungi has more species than all the __________ species combined.
The group Fungi has more species than all the __________ species combined.
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), how many plant and animal species have been described so far?
According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature and Natural Resources (IUCN), how many plant and animal species have been described so far?
More than 70% of all recorded species on Earth are animals.
More than 70% of all recorded species on Earth are animals.
What is the estimated range of global species diversity according to Robert May?
What is the estimated range of global species diversity according to Robert May?
The most species-rich taxonomic group among animals are ______.
The most species-rich taxonomic group among animals are ______.
Match the percentage of species recorded to their respective categories:
Match the percentage of species recorded to their respective categories:
What is the expected consequence if current rates of species loss continue?
What is the expected consequence if current rates of species loss continue?
Overwhelmingly, more species that are yet to be discovered are found in temperate regions than in tropical regions.
Overwhelmingly, more species that are yet to be discovered are found in temperate regions than in tropical regions.
Which group is said to have more species than the combined total of the species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?
Which group is said to have more species than the combined total of the species of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals?
What percentage of global species diversity is accounted for by India?
What percentage of global species diversity is accounted for by India?
Species diversity increases as one moves away from the equator toward the poles.
Species diversity increases as one moves away from the equator toward the poles.
Which country has over 1,400 species of birds?
Which country has over 1,400 species of birds?
How many species of plants and animals have been recorded from India?
How many species of plants and animals have been recorded from India?
What is one hypothesis proposed to explain the greater biodiversity in tropical regions?
What is one hypothesis proposed to explain the greater biodiversity in tropical regions?
About _____ percent of the total species have been recorded globally according to May's estimates.
About _____ percent of the total species have been recorded globally according to May's estimates.
Match the following regions with the number of bird species found:
Match the following regions with the number of bird species found:
What challenge do biologists face in identifying prokaryotic species?
What challenge do biologists face in identifying prokaryotic species?
What contributes to greater species diversity in tropical environments?
What contributes to greater species diversity in tropical environments?
Nature’s biological library is burning even before we catalogued the titles of all the books stocked there, highlighting the threat of _____ species extinction.
Nature’s biological library is burning even before we catalogued the titles of all the books stocked there, highlighting the threat of _____ species extinction.
Species richness in a region increases with decreasing area.
Species richness in a region increases with decreasing area.
How many insect species might exist in tropical rainforests waiting to be discovered?
How many insect species might exist in tropical rainforests waiting to be discovered?
What does increased species diversity contribute to in an ecosystem?
What does increased species diversity contribute to in an ecosystem?
A community with high species diversity shows more year-to-year variation in productivity.
A community with high species diversity shows more year-to-year variation in productivity.
What is the rivet popper hypothesis an analogy for?
What is the rivet popper hypothesis an analogy for?
A stable community must be resistant to invasions by __________ species.
A stable community must be resistant to invasions by __________ species.
According to David Tilman, species-rich plots showed more year-to-year variation in biomass than less diverse plots.
According to David Tilman, species-rich plots showed more year-to-year variation in biomass than less diverse plots.
What is the primary approach used when it is necessary to save an endangered species from extinction?
What is the primary approach used when it is necessary to save an endangered species from extinction?
Why is species diversity essential for human survival?
Why is species diversity essential for human survival?
Intrinsic value of a species is determined solely by its economic usefulness.
Intrinsic value of a species is determined solely by its economic usefulness.
What is one intangible benefit that humans derive from nature?
What is one intangible benefit that humans derive from nature?
A region with high species richness and endemism is referred to as a __________.
A region with high species richness and endemism is referred to as a __________.
Match the types of conservation methods with their descriptions:
Match the types of conservation methods with their descriptions:
How many biodiversity hotspots are currently recognized globally?
How many biodiversity hotspots are currently recognized globally?
Conservationists prioritize areas with low species richness for protection.
Conservationists prioritize areas with low species richness for protection.
Which of the following is NOT an example of direct benefits from biodiversity?
Which of the following is NOT an example of direct benefits from biodiversity?
What is a major challenge faced when conserving biodiversity globally?
What is a major challenge faced when conserving biodiversity globally?
In situ conservation refers to protecting endangered species in controlled environments like zoos and botanical gardens.
In situ conservation refers to protecting endangered species in controlled environments like zoos and botanical gardens.
Biodiversity hotspots are areas that are both __________ in species richness and significantly threatened by human activities.
Biodiversity hotspots are areas that are both __________ in species richness and significantly threatened by human activities.
Match the following conservation efforts with their descriptions:
Match the following conservation efforts with their descriptions:
The Himalaya is one of the designated biodiversity hotspots representing India's diverse ecosystems.
The Himalaya is one of the designated biodiversity hotspots representing India's diverse ecosystems.
What is one indirect benefit of biodiversity related to climate?
What is one indirect benefit of biodiversity related to climate?
Flashcards
Biodiversity
Biodiversity
The variety of life on Earth, encompassing all levels of biological organization, from genes within a species to ecosystems.
Genetic Diversity
Genetic Diversity
The range of genetic differences within a single species, often affecting traits like plant potency or disease resistance.
Species Diversity
Species Diversity
The number and abundance of different species within a given area.
Ecological Diversity
Ecological Diversity
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Genetic Variation
Genetic Variation
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Reserpine
Reserpine
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Western Ghats Amphibian Diversity
Western Ghats Amphibian Diversity
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India's Ecological Diversity
India's Ecological Diversity
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Species-Area Relationship
Species-Area Relationship
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Rectangular Hyperbola
Rectangular Hyperbola
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Slope (Z)
Slope (Z)
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Y-intercept (C)
Y-intercept (C)
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Logarithmic Equation
Logarithmic Equation
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Slope Value Range (0.1 to 0.2)
Slope Value Range (0.1 to 0.2)
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Steeper Slopes for Larger Areas
Steeper Slopes for Larger Areas
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Slope for Tropical Forests (1.15)
Slope for Tropical Forests (1.15)
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Keystone Species
Keystone Species
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Sixth Extinction
Sixth Extinction
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Speciation
Speciation
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IUCN Red List
IUCN Red List
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Mass Extinctions
Mass Extinctions
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Species Extinction Rates
Species Extinction Rates
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Taxa
Taxa
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Amphibian Vulnerability
Amphibian Vulnerability
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Ecosystem Stability
Ecosystem Stability
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Productivity Stability
Productivity Stability
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Resistance
Resistance
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Resilience
Resilience
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Alien species
Alien species
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Species Richness
Species Richness
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Rivet Popper Hypothesis
Rivet Popper Hypothesis
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Tilman's Ecosystem Experiments
Tilman's Ecosystem Experiments
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Biodiversity Hotspots
Biodiversity Hotspots
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Protected Areas in India
Protected Areas in India
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Sacred Groves
Sacred Groves
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Ex situ Conservation
Ex situ Conservation
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Cryopreservation Techniques
Cryopreservation Techniques
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In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) for Conservation
In Vitro Fertilization (IVF) for Conservation
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Tissue Culture for Plant Conservation
Tissue Culture for Plant Conservation
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Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)
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Species Extinction
Species Extinction
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Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
Habitat Loss and Fragmentation
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Over-exploitation
Over-exploitation
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Alien Species Invasions
Alien Species Invasions
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Consequences of Biodiversity Loss
Consequences of Biodiversity Loss
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The Evil Quartet
The Evil Quartet
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Tropical Rainforest Destruction
Tropical Rainforest Destruction
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Human Impacts on Biodiversity
Human Impacts on Biodiversity
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Latitudinal Gradient of Biodiversity
Latitudinal Gradient of Biodiversity
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Percentage of Species Discovered
Percentage of Species Discovered
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Importance of Species Diversity
Importance of Species Diversity
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Logarithmic Equation (Species-Area Relationship)
Logarithmic Equation (Species-Area Relationship)
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Slope (Z) in Species-Area Relationship
Slope (Z) in Species-Area Relationship
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Slope in Tropical Forests (1.15)
Slope in Tropical Forests (1.15)
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Rectangular Hyperbola (Species-Area Relationship)
Rectangular Hyperbola (Species-Area Relationship)
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Y-intercept (C) in Species-Area Relationship
Y-intercept (C) in Species-Area Relationship
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What is biodiversity loss?
What is biodiversity loss?
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What is the Evil Quartet?
What is the Evil Quartet?
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What is habitat loss and fragmentation?
What is habitat loss and fragmentation?
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What is over-exploitation?
What is over-exploitation?
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What are alien species invasions?
What are alien species invasions?
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What are the consequences of biodiversity loss?
What are the consequences of biodiversity loss?
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What is the problem with tropical rainforest destruction?
What is the problem with tropical rainforest destruction?
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What are the human impacts on biodiversity?
What are the human impacts on biodiversity?
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Invasive Species
Invasive Species
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Co-extinction
Co-extinction
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Narrowly Utilitarian Argument for Conservation
Narrowly Utilitarian Argument for Conservation
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Broadly Utilitarian Argument for Conservation
Broadly Utilitarian Argument for Conservation
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Bioprospecting
Bioprospecting
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Biodiversity Conservation
Biodiversity Conservation
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Pollination as an ecosystem service
Pollination as an ecosystem service
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Intrinsic Value of Species
Intrinsic Value of Species
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Development vs. Conservation
Development vs. Conservation
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What is biodiversity?
What is biodiversity?
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Narrowly Utilitarian Argument
Narrowly Utilitarian Argument
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Broadly Utilitarian Argument
Broadly Utilitarian Argument
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What is biodiversity conservation?
What is biodiversity conservation?
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What is Pollination?
What is Pollination?
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What is the conflict between Development and Conservation?
What is the conflict between Development and Conservation?
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What is Bioprospecting?
What is Bioprospecting?
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Earth's Biodiversity: How Many Species?
Earth's Biodiversity: How Many Species?
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Insects: The Most Diverse?
Insects: The Most Diverse?
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Fungi's Hidden Kingdom
Fungi's Hidden Kingdom
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The Threat to Biodiversity
The Threat to Biodiversity
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Sacred Groves: Traditional Conservation
Sacred Groves: Traditional Conservation
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The Development vs. Conservation Dilemma
The Development vs. Conservation Dilemma
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What is the difference between the present-day extinction rate and the rate in pre-human times?
What is the difference between the present-day extinction rate and the rate in pre-human times?
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What is the current state of species extinctions?
What is the current state of species extinctions?
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How is the loss of biodiversity similar to losing rivets on an airplane?
How is the loss of biodiversity similar to losing rivets on an airplane?
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What is the 'Sixth Extinction' and how is it different from past extinctions?
What is the 'Sixth Extinction' and how is it different from past extinctions?
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What are mass extinction events?
What are mass extinction events?
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What is the potential outcome of the ongoing extinction trend?
What is the potential outcome of the ongoing extinction trend?
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Ecosystem Services
Ecosystem Services
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What are Biodiversity Hotspots?
What are Biodiversity Hotspots?
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What are Protected Areas in India?
What are Protected Areas in India?
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What are Sacred Groves?
What are Sacred Groves?
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What is Ex situ Conservation?
What is Ex situ Conservation?
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What is the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
What is the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD)?
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What is the narrowly utilitarian argument for conservation?
What is the narrowly utilitarian argument for conservation?
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What is Speciation?
What is Speciation?
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Why are tropics less seasonal?
Why are tropics less seasonal?
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How does solar energy affect biodiversity?
How does solar energy affect biodiversity?
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What is the Species-Area relationship?
What is the Species-Area relationship?
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Who is Alexander von Humboldt?
Who is Alexander von Humboldt?
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Why is biodiversity important for ecosystem stability?
Why is biodiversity important for ecosystem stability?
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Why do tropics have more diversity?
Why do tropics have more diversity?
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How do stable environments affect diversity?
How do stable environments affect diversity?
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What is ecosystem stability?
What is ecosystem stability?
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What is resistance?
What is resistance?
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What is resilience?
What is resilience?
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What is an alien species?
What is an alien species?
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What is species richness?
What is species richness?
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What is the rivet popper hypothesis?
What is the rivet popper hypothesis?
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What are Tilman's ecosystem experiments?
What are Tilman's ecosystem experiments?
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Ethical argument for conservation
Ethical argument for conservation
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In situ conservation
In situ conservation
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Conflict between development and conservation
Conflict between development and conservation
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What is an invasive species?
What is an invasive species?
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What is co-extinction?
What is co-extinction?
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What is the broadly utilitarian argument for conservation?
What is the broadly utilitarian argument for conservation?
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What is pollination as an ecosystem service?
What is pollination as an ecosystem service?
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How is the current extinction different from past events?
How is the current extinction different from past events?
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What is species extinction?
What is species extinction?
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What do steeper slopes mean in this context?
What do steeper slopes mean in this context?
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What are ecosystem services?
What are ecosystem services?
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The Sixth Extinction
The Sixth Extinction
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Biodiversity Loss: A Looming Crisis
Biodiversity Loss: A Looming Crisis
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What is the 'Sixth Extinction'?
What is the 'Sixth Extinction'?
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What are mega-diversity countries?
What are mega-diversity countries?
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What is the current rate of species extinction?
What is the current rate of species extinction?
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Sixth Mass Extinction
Sixth Mass Extinction
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Present-Day Extinction Rate vs. Pre-Human Times
Present-Day Extinction Rate vs. Pre-Human Times
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Current State of Species Extinction
Current State of Species Extinction
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What is the latitudinal gradient of biodiversity?
What is the latitudinal gradient of biodiversity?
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What is taxonomy?
What is taxonomy?
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Accelerated Extinction Rates
Accelerated Extinction Rates
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Pollination
Pollination
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Extinction Rate Now vs. Pre-Human Times
Extinction Rate Now vs. Pre-Human Times
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The Current State of Extinctions
The Current State of Extinctions
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Why is species diversity important?
Why is species diversity important?
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How many species are there on Earth?
How many species are there on Earth?
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Which group has the most species?
Which group has the most species?
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How fast are species going extinct?
How fast are species going extinct?
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Logarithmic Equation for Species-Area Relationship
Logarithmic Equation for Species-Area Relationship
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Steeper Slopes in Species-Area Relationship
Steeper Slopes in Species-Area Relationship
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The State of Extinctions
The State of Extinctions
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Biodiversity loss
Biodiversity loss
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Extinction Rate: Past vs. Present
Extinction Rate: Past vs. Present
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The Urgent Need for Action
The Urgent Need for Action
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Loss of Biodiversity is like Losing Rivets on an Airplane
Loss of Biodiversity is like Losing Rivets on an Airplane
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What are the major causes of biodiversity loss?
What are the major causes of biodiversity loss?
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Extinction Rate Comparison: Past vs. Present
Extinction Rate Comparison: Past vs. Present
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The Sixth Extinction: Human Impact
The Sixth Extinction: Human Impact
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Present-Day Extinction Rate
Present-Day Extinction Rate
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Sixth Extinction (Current)
Sixth Extinction (Current)
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What is different about the present-day extinction rate compared to pre-human times?
What is different about the present-day extinction rate compared to pre-human times?
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Extinction Rates
Extinction Rates
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What is the IUCN Red List?
What is the IUCN Red List?
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What is the intrinsic value of species?
What is the intrinsic value of species?
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Long Evolutionary Time Hypothesis
Long Evolutionary Time Hypothesis
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Stable Environment Hypothesis
Stable Environment Hypothesis
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High Productivity Hypothesis
High Productivity Hypothesis
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Species-Area Equation
Species-Area Equation
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How much of Earth's biodiversity is known?
How much of Earth's biodiversity is known?
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What constitutes the Evil Quartet?
What constitutes the Evil Quartet?
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Ecosystem Resistance
Ecosystem Resistance
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Ecosystem Resilience
Ecosystem Resilience
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Study Notes
Biodiversity and Conservation
- Biodiversity encompasses the variety of life at all levels, from macromolecules to biomes.
- High diversity of life on Earth is remarkable, with examples of over 20,000 ant species, 300,000 beetle species, and 28,000 fish species.
- Ecologists and evolutionary biologists study the reasons behind such diversity, including factors influencing species diversity throughout Earth's history.
- Humans benefit from biodiversity in various ways, including provision of food, medicine, and resources. An example of this is the Amazon rainforest, estimated to produce 20% of the earth’s atmosphere's oxygen. Fungi are also extraordinarily diverse, with numbers exceeding the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
- The study of biodiversity includes different levels like genetic diversity (variation within a species), species diversity (variety among species), and ecological diversity (variety among ecosystems). Examples of this are the Western Ghats having greater amphibian diversity than the Eastern Ghats, or India's diverse ecosystems, ranging from deserts and rainforests to coral reefs and alpine meadows.
- Biodiversity is crucial for ecosystem health and human well-being, and its conservation is essential for the future.
How Many Species are There on Earth?
- The total number of described plant and animal species is slightly more than 1.5 million, but likely many more undescribed species still remain.
- Estimates of the total global species diversity vary greatly, with more conservative estimates around 7 million, suggesting a large gap in our understanding of biodiversity.
- Only 22% of current species have been discovered.
- More than 1.5 million species have been recorded, but there might still be nearly 6 million more species on Earth waiting to be identified.
- There are more than 1,00,000 plant species and more than 3,00,000 animal species in India that have not yet been discovered.
Representing Global Biodiversity
- Animals, particularly insects, make up the majority, well over 70% of all documented species.
- The number of fungi species surpasses the combined total of fishes, amphibians, reptiles, and mammals.
- Prokaryotes are difficult to classify, and their diversity is likely far greater than that of other organisms.
- Species numbers are not evenly distributed geographically, with tropical areas showing the highest levels of diversity, for example, the Amazon rainforest.
- Presently, 12 per cent of all bird species, 23 per cent of all mammal species, 32 per cent of all amphibian species, and 31 per cent of all gymnosperm species face extinction.
- More than 15,500 species are threatened with extinction, including over 650 from India. Extinctions in the past, based on fossil records, have occurred but current rates are much higher. The current extinction rate is estimated to be 100-1000 times faster than pre-human rates.
- More than 70% of all recorded species are animals, with plants and other organisms making up the remainder, although the proportion of plants is about 22%.
- Extinctions vary across taxa, with some groups, like amphibians, being more vulnerable than others.
- A significant cause for the loss of biodiversity (over the last 500 years) has been overexploitation by humans. Examples of this include the dodo, quagga, passenger pigeon.
Patterns of Biodiversity
- Species richness is not evenly distributed, showing high diversity in tropical regions and lower towards the poles.
- Latitudinal gradients are important diversity patterns, showing higher species richness in tropical regions compared to temperate or polar regions.
- The variation in latitudes of the earth's landmasses is reflected in the biodiversity of the area, as is the case with the Amazon rainforest that is home to diverse plant, insect, mammal, and reptile life..
- Species richness also displays a relationship to area, meaning larger geographic areas tend to support more species (e.g., tropical regions).
- The relationship between species richness and area is represented as a logarithmic trend with a slope value (or 'Z value') typically between 0.1 and 1.2, but can reach up to 1.15 in some cases.
Importance of Species Diversity to the Ecosystem
- Species diversity enhances ecosystem stability and productivity.
- More diverse communities are generally more stable in the face of disturbances compared to less diverse ones.
- Biodiversity is essential for ecosystem functioning, contributing to processes like flood control, soil erosion, and pollination. The Amazon rainforest is a significant oxygen producer, while other ecosystem services include food, medicine, and resources.
- Loss of species negatively impacts these processes and reduces resilience to changes.
Loss of Biodiversity
- Human activities are the main drivers of biodiversity loss, including habitat loss, fragmentation, over-exploitation, and introduction of invasive species.
- The current rate of extinction is significantly higher than historical extinction rates, estimated to be 100 to 1,000 times faster.
- Examples of recent extinctions include the dodo, quagga, thylacine, Steller's sea cow, Bali, Javan and Caspian tigers. Twenty species may have gone extinct in the last 20 years.
- Biodiversity loss can affect various ecosystem processes, including plant productivity and disease cycles. Loss of species can reduce the resilience of ecosystems to environmental changes.
- Many species are threatened with extinction due to human activities.
- Invasive species can negatively impact native species.
- Biotic co-extinction occurs; when one species that is dependent on another goes extinct, then so too could the other.
Biodiversity Conservation
- Biodiversity conservation methods include 'in situ' (in the wild) and 'ex situ' (out of the wild) approaches, each having benefits.
- 'In situ' conservation involves protecting entire ecosystems and includes national parks, reserves, and sanctuaries, as well as sacred groves in India.
- 'Ex situ' conservation involves preserving endangered species outside their natural habitat.
- 'Hotspots' are regions with exceptionally high levels of biodiversity and endemism, prioritized for protection.
- Over 15,500 species (over 650 of them from India) are currently threatened.
- Conservation efforts are happening to protect more species, with a conservation target to significantly reduce biodiversity loss by 2010.
- Sacred groves are examples of 'in situ' conservation, emphasizing India's rich tradition of ecosystem protection.
- Important components of biodiversity conservation are: genetic, species and ecosystem diversity.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various types of biodiversity and their examples. This quiz covers essential concepts of biological diversity, including species variation in different geographic regions and the impact of biodiversity on ecosystems. Challenge yourself and explore the fascinating world of biodiversity!
