42 Questions
What type of reaction involves the transfer of a carboxyl group from either carbon dioxide or bicarbonate to a molecule?
Carboxylation
What is the term for the removal of a phosphate group from a molecule?
Dephosphorylation
What type of reaction involves the addition of a hydroxyl group to a molecule?
Hydroxylation
What is the term for the removal of an amino group from a molecule?
Deamination
What is the term for the transfer of a phosphate group to a molecule?
Phosphorylation
What type of reaction involves the transfer of an amino group to a keto acid to form new amino acids?
Transamination
What is the term for a compound that facilitates the transmission of an ion across a lipid barrier?
Ionophore
What type of reaction involves the oxidation of one reactant and the reduction of another?
Oxidation-Reduction
What type of transport system directly uses ATP?
Primary active transport
What is an example of a primary active transport system?
Na+/K+ ATPase pump
Which type of transporter moves multiple solutes in the same direction?
Symport
What is the name of the transporter that moves glucose and sodium ions into the cell?
Sodium-glucose linked transporter
What is the function of a uniport transporter?
Moves one type of molecule across the cell membrane
What is the opposite of a symport transporter?
Antiport
Which type of transport system does not require direct use of ATP?
Secondary active transport
What is the name of the type of transport system that moves molecules down their concentration gradient?
Passive transport
What gives the hydrophilic property to a fatty acid?
Carboxyl
What is the result of the breakdown of fatty acids in beta-oxidation?
Energy production
What is the process of synthesizing lipids, particularly TAGs?
Lipogenesis
What is the alternative form of energy produced during times of starvation?
Ketone bodies
What encloses a core compound made of cholesterol esters and other lipids?
Lipoprotein
What is the process of breaking down lipids into fatty acids in acetyl-CoA?
Lipolysis
What type of fatty acid is stearic acid?
Saturated
What is the process of transporting fatty acids into the mitochondria as acylcarnitines for oxidation?
Fatty acid transport
What is a characteristic of a conjugate base?
It has a negative charge
What is the definition of an acid according to Arrhenius?
A substance that produces H+ in aqueous solution
What is the relationship between the strength of an acid and its pKa value?
The stronger the acid, the lower the pKa value
What is a characteristic of a strong acid?
It dissociates completely into ions in water
What is the formula for determining the strength of an acid?
Ka = [H3O+][A-]/[HA]
What is the relationship between Ka and pKa?
pKa = -logKa
What is the purpose of the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation?
To determine the pH of a solution
What is the characteristic of a weak acid?
It dissociates slightly to form ions in water
What is the main precursor for ketogenesis?
Two molecules of acetyl-CoA
What is the function of the R side chain in an amino acid?
Dictates the chemical properties of the amino acid
What is the term for the pH where the zwitterion is uncharged?
Isoelectric point
What is the central carbon in an amino acid also known as?
Alpha carbon
What is the characteristic of an amino acid that allows it to act as both an acid and a base?
Amphoteric
How many ketone bodies are mentioned in the text?
Three
What is the net charge of an amino acid at low pH (acidic) environments?
Positive
What is the function of the carboxyl group in an amino acid?
Acts as an acid
What is the term for a molecule that contains both positively and negatively charged groups?
Zwitterion
What is the net charge of an amino acid at high pH (alkaline) environments?
Negative
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