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Questions and Answers
What is the correct formula for maltose formed from two glucose molecules?
What is the correct formula for maltose formed from two glucose molecules?
- C12H24O12
- C6H22O12
- C6H12O6
- C12H22O11 (correct)
What is a key difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
What is a key difference between triglycerides and phospholipids?
- Phospholipids have two fatty acids and a phosphate group, triglycerides have three fatty acids. (correct)
- Triglycerides have a phosphate group while phospholipids do not.
- Triglycerides are hydrophilic while phospholipids are hydrophobic.
- Triglycerides contain four fatty acids while phospholipids contain three.
Which type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of a polypeptide?
Which type of bond is responsible for the secondary structure of a polypeptide?
- Disulfide bonds between cysteine residues
- Ionic bonds between side chains
- Peptide bonds between amino acids
- Hydrogen bonds between atoms in the peptide chain (correct)
What can be said about the carboxyl and amino groups in a polypeptide?
What can be said about the carboxyl and amino groups in a polypeptide?
Given the DNA sequence 5’ - TAGGCCT - 3’, what is its complementary strand?
Given the DNA sequence 5’ - TAGGCCT - 3’, what is its complementary strand?
Flashcards
Maltose
Maltose
A type of carbohydrate formed by the joining of two glucose molecules through a dehydration reaction, resulting in a chemical formula of C12H22O11.
Triglyceride
Triglyceride
A fat molecule composed of glycerol with three fatty acid chains attached, forming a hydrophobic molecule used for energy storage.
Phospholipid
Phospholipid
A lipid molecule similar to triglycerides, but with one fatty acid replaced by a phosphate group, giving it a hydrophilic head and hydrophobic tails, important for cell membranes.
Secondary Structure of Proteins
Secondary Structure of Proteins
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Tertiary Structure of Proteins
Tertiary Structure of Proteins
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Study Notes
Dehydration Reaction and Maltose Formation
- Glucose (C6H12O6) molecules combine via a dehydration reaction to create maltose (C12H22O11).
- The reaction is: C6H12O6 + C6H12O6 → C12H22O11.
Fat (Triglyceride) vs. Phospholipid Structure
- Triglycerides: Glycerol molecule with three fatty acids attached.
- Phospholipids: Glycerol molecule with two fatty acids and a phosphate group attached.
Polypeptide Structure and Bonds
- Secondary structure: Hydrogen bonds between atoms in the peptide chain.
- Tertiary structure: Interactions between amino acid side chains.
Greek Letters α and β in Structure
- α-glucose/β-glucose: Different arrangements of hydroxyl groups around the carbon atoms of glucose. Glycosidic bonds determine the specific arrangement.
- α-helix/β-pleated sheet: Common secondary structures in proteins, formed by hydrogen bonds within the polypeptide backbone. α-helices are coiled, β-pleated sheets are folded.
Amino Acid Groups in Polypeptides
- Polypeptides retain amino and carboxyl groups from the constituent amino acids from the ends.
- The carboxyl group of one amino acid bonds with the amino group of the next to create a peptide bond. This leaves an amino group at one end (NH2) and a carboxyl group at the other (COOH) of the polypeptide chain.
DNA Complementary Strand
- Given sequence: 5' - TAGGCCT - 3'
- Complementary strand: 3' - ATCCGGA - 5'
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