Biochemistry Quiz: Carbohydrates to Lipids
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Questions and Answers

What is the building block of carbohydrates?

Monosaccharides

Which organelle is known as the powerhouse of the cell?

  • Lysosome
  • Golgi apparatus
  • Ribosome
  • Mitochondrion (correct)

    • Which protein type acts as a gateway for ions in the cell membrane?

    Integral protein

    What type of bond forms in carbohydrate synthesis?

    <p>Glycosidic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the functional group of a ketose carbohydrate?

    <p>Ketone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle modifies proteins and lipids?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structural model of the cell membrane called?

    <p>Fluid Mosaic Model</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which organelle contains hydrolytic enzymes?

    <p>Lysosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of peroxisomes?

    <p>Detoxification of reactive oxygen species</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the site of ribosome assembly?

    <p>Nucleolus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another term for polyhydroxyaldehyde?

    <p>Carbohydrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a reducing sugar?

    <p>Lactose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test differentiates monosaccharides from disaccharides?

    <p>Barfoed's test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which carbohydrate is a homopolysaccharide?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which polysaccharide is a glucosan?

    <p>Starch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of an anabolic process?

    <p>Lipogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the intermediate reaction of catabolism and anabolism?

    <p>Kreb's cycle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What hormone regulates glycogenolysis?

    <p>Glucagon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced in glycolysis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final electron acceptor in the electron transport chain?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for ATP synthesis in the electron transport chain?

    <p>ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme removes water in glycolysis?

    <p>Enolase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme interconverts aldose and ketose?

    <p>Isomerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of anaerobic glycolysis?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex in the electron transport chain does NOT pump protons?

    <p>Complex II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the building block of lipids?

    <p>Fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lipid is a major component of the cell membrane?

    <p>Phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test detects ketoses?

    <p>Seliwanoff's test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process produces the most ATP?

    <p>Electron transport chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what part of the cell does the citric acid cycle occur?

    <p>Mitochondrial matrix</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is critical for gluconeogenesis?

    <p>Pyruvate carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which coenzyme is involved in redox reactions?

    <p>NAD+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the building block of proteins?

    <p>Amino acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which bond links amino acids together?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is the precursor for serotonin?

    <p>Tryptophan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the final product of amino acid deamination?

    <p>Ammonia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is ketogenic and not glucogenic?

    <p>Leucine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nucleic acid carries the genetic blueprint?

    <p>DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond connects nucleotides in a DNA strand?

    <p>Phosphodiester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which base is found in RNA but not in DNA?

    <p>Uracil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme unwinds DNA during replication?

    <p>Helicase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the complementary DNA strand for 5'-ATCGGAT-3'?

    <p>3'-TAGCCTA-5'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which fatty acid undergoes β-oxidation in the mitochondria?

    <p>Medium-chain fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the β-oxidation of very long-chain fatty acids primarily occur?

    <p>Peroxisome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many carbons are in capric acid?

    <p>10</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In β-oxidation, how many acetyl-CoA molecules are produced from capric acid (10 carbons)?

    <p>5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many NADH molecules are produced during β-oxidation of capric acid?

    <p>4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATPs does one mole of NADH produce in β-oxidation?

    <p>2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced from one mole of FADH2?

    <p>1.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the net ATP yield from capric acid after activation costs are deducted?

    <p>78</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many acetyl-CoA molecules are generated from palmitic acid (16 carbons)?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What total ATP yield is obtained from the complete β-oxidation of palmitic acid, excluding activation?

    <p>131</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process can convert glycerol into glucose?

    <p>Gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which test is used to detect cholesterol?

    <p>Liebermann-Burchard Test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many kcal does 1 gram of fat yield?

    <p>9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structural protein in the human body?

    <p>Collagen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunoglobulin is responsible for allergic reactions?

    <p>IgE</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acid is achiral?

    <p>Glycine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What bond links amino acids in proteins?

    <p>Peptide bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the pl (isoelectric point) of an amino acid?

    <p>The pH where the amino acid has no charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein transports oxygen in the blood?

    <p>Hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which amino acids contain sulfur?

    <p>Methionine and Cysteine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of protein is soluble in water and coagulated by heat?

    <p>Albumins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the other name for the Pentose Phosphate Pathway?

    <p>Hexose monophosphate shunt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the pentose phosphate pathway?

    <p>Produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which complex in ETC is inhibited by cyanide?

    <p>Complex IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of isomerism involves mirror images?

    <p>Enantiomerism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What functional group is found in an aldose sugar?

    <p>Aldehyde</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary energy currency of the cell?

    <p>ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pharmacognosy is derived from the words 'pharmakon' and 'gnosis,' meaning:

    <p>Knowledge of drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Carbohydrates

    • Building block: Monosaccharides
    • Ketose functional group: Ketone
    • Bond in carbohydrate synthesis: Glycosidic bond

    Cell Structure and Functions

    • Organelle that modifies proteins and lipids: Golgi apparatus
    • Model of cell membrane: Fluid Mosaic Model
    • Organelle with hydrolytic enzymes: Lysosome
    • Peroxisome function: Detoxification of reactive oxygen species
    • Ribosome assembly site: Nucleolus

    Biochemical Metabolism

    • Anabolic process example: Lipogenesis
    • Intermediate reaction of catabolism and anabolism: Kreb's cycle
    • Glycolysis product of anaerobic metabolism: Lactate
    • Final electron acceptor in electron transport chain: Oxygen
    • Enzyme responsible for ATP synthesis in ETC: ATP synthase

    Lipids and Other Biomolecules

    • Building block of lipids: Fatty acids
    • Major component of cell membrane: Phospholipids
    • Test for ketoses: Seliwanoff's test

    DNA, RNA, and Nucleotides

    • Nucleic acid carrying genetic blueprint: DNA
    • Bond connecting nucleotides in DNA: Phosphodiester bond
    • Base found in RNA but not DNA: Uracil
    • Enzyme unwinding DNA: Helicase

    Enzymes and Pathways

    • Enzyme interconverting aldose and ketose: Isomerase
    • Enzyme removing water in glycolysis: Enolase
    • Enzyme deficiency causing Pompe's disease: Alpha-1,4-glucosidase
    • Condition caused by G6DP deficiency: Favism

    Miscellaneous

    • Other name for Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Hexose monophosphate shunt
    • Primary goal of Pentose Phosphate Pathway: Produce NADPH and ribose-5-phosphate
    • Complex inhibited by cyanide in ETC: Complex IV
    • Type of isomerism involving mirror images: Enantiomerism
    • Functional group in aldose sugar: Aldehyde
    • Primary energy currency of cell: ATP
    • Enzyme deficiency causing Maple Syrup Urine Disease: Alpha-1,4-glucosidase
    • Intermediate reaction of catabolism and anabolism: Kreb's cycle
    • Hormone regulating glycogenolysis: Glucagon
    • ATP molecules produced in glycolysis: 2
    • Number of carbons in capric acid: 10

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on essential biochemistry topics including carbohydrates, cell structure functions, biochemical metabolism, and lipids. This quiz covers key concepts and terminologies that form the foundation of biochemistry. Prepare to dive into the world of biomolecules and their significance in living organisms.

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