Biochemistry LE 3: Fatty Acid Synthesis and TAG Metabolism
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Questions and Answers

What is formed when long-chain fatty alcohol reacts with carbon 1 of glycerol 3-phosphate moiety of phosphatidic acid?

  • Phosphatidylcholine
  • Phosphatidylinositol
  • Plasmalogens (correct)
  • Cardiolipin

    • Where does fatty acid synthesis primarily occur in humans?

  • Muscle tissue
  • Liver (correct)
  • Adipose tissue
  • Pancreas

    • What is the major source of carbon for the synthesis of fatty acids?

  • Dietary carbohydrates (correct)
  • Dietary protein
  • Dietary fat
  • Amino acids

    • What is the end product of fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>Palmitate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the citrate shuttle in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>To transport citrate into the fatty acid synthase complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are phospholipases found?

    <p>In cell membranes, lysosomes, and pancreatic juice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of an excess of dietary protein?

    <p>Increased fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>To provide two-carbon units for fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the condensation reactions in the TCA cycle?

    <p>Citrate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the enzyme pyruvate dehydrogenase found?

    <p>Only in mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of acetyl CoA carboxylase in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>It converts acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA?

    <p>One ATP and biotin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of NADPH for fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>Pentose phosphate pathway and oxaloacetate recycling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of malate dehydrogenase in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>It converts malate to pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the activity of acetyl CoA carboxylase regulated?

    <p>By phosphorylation, allosteric modification, and induction/repression of its synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What inhibits acetyl CoA carboxylase?

    <p>Palmitoyl CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the conversion of acetyl CoA to malonyl CoA?

    <p>To provide the two-carbon units for fatty acid synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when COX-1 and COX-2 are inhibited?

    <p>Hypertension, hemodynamic acute kidney injury, stroke and myocardial infarction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the major component of VLDL?

    <p>Triacylglycerol (TG)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the gene for glycerol kinase located?

    <p>X-chromosome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which tissue is glycerol 3-phosphate produced from glycolysis?

    <p>White adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reaction between glycerol 3-phosphate and fatty acyl CoA?

    <p>Formation of phosphatidic acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of dephosphorylation of phosphatidic acid?

    <p>Diacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a source of glycerol 3-phosphate in the liver?

    <p>De novo synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the reaction between diacylglycerol and another fatty acyl CoA?

    <p>Triacylglycerol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which state can adipose tissue store fatty acids?

    <p>Fed state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the number of carbon atoms in prostaglandins?

    <p>20</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the position of the hydroxyl group in biologically active prostaglandins?

    <p>Carbon 15</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is present between carbons 13 and 14 in biologically active prostaglandins?

    <p>Double bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capital letter in the nomenclature of prostaglandins?

    <p>To refer to the ring substituents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of PG2 on smooth muscle contraction?

    <p>Decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of PG2a on vasodilation?

    <p>Increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the structure of thromboxanes similar to?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the structure of thromboxanes?

    <p>They have a 6-carbon ring with an oxygen atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of thromboxanes in the body?

    <p>To produce blood clots</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does Fatty Acid Synthesis occur?

    <p>In the fed state with excess glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate-limiting enzyme in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>Acetyl CoA carboxylase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of glycolysis that is involved in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the citrate shuttle in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>To transport acetyl CoA into the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diet would be beneficial for a patient with hyperlipoproteinemia with elevated VLDL?

    <p>Low-carbohydrate diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of acetyl CoA carboxylase forming palmitate?

    <p>The formation of fatty acids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the source of acetyl CoA in fatty acid synthesis?

    <p>Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of phospholipases in lipid metabolism?

    <p>To break down phospholipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of fatty acid synthesis in the cytoplasm?

    <p>Triacylglycerols</p> Signup and view all the answers

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