Biochemistry LE 4: Biochemistry of Respiration
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of myoglobin?

  • Glucose metabolism
  • Acid-base balance regulation
  • Oxygen transport (correct)
  • Carbon dioxide transport

    • What is the name of the reaction that helps regulate acid-base balance?

  • Allosteric effect
  • Bohr effect
  • Buffer system
  • Henderson-Hasselbach reaction (correct)

    • What is the term for the process by which the body responds to acid-base imbalances?

  • Renal compensation
  • Respiratory compensation (correct)
  • Hemoglobin compensation
  • Metabolic compensation

    • What is the role of the kidneys in acid-base balance?

    <p>Buffering excess hydrogen ions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the Bohr effect?

    <p>The effect of pH on oxygen binding to hemoglobin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the shape change of hemoglobin upon oxygen binding?

    <p>T→R state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of BPG in hemoglobin function?

    <p>Decreases oxygen binding affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond does Phenylalanine form with other amino acids?

    <p>Hydrophobic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which histidine residue comes directly in contact with the iron of the heme plane?

    <p>Histidine 93</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occupies the 6th binding site of the heme plane?

    <p>Oxygen</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which state of Hgb is influenced by allosteric effectors such as pH, Bohr Effect, and temperature?

    <p>Both T and R states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of Carbon Monoxide in the context of Hgb and Mb?

    <p>It inhibits the binding of oxygen to the heme plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key feature of the R state of Hgb?

    <p>High oxygen affinity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the distal histidine in the context of Hgb?

    <p>It helps to bind oxygen to the heme plane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of oxygen delivery decreases at high altitude compared to sea level?

    <p>38%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the concentration of BPG that increases after a few hours at high altitude?

    <p>8 mM/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the percentage decrease in affinity of hemoglobin to oxygen due to BPG?

    <p>37%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the state of hemoglobin that is stabilized by BPG binding?

    <p>T state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the curve of hemoglobin A when the concentration of H+, CO2, and 2,3-BPG increases?

    <p>Shifts to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a decrease in allosteric factors such as H+, CO2, and 2,3-BPG on the curve of hemoglobin A?

    <p>Shifts to the left</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the effect that describes the decrease in oxygen affinity of hemoglobin with increased concentration of H+, CO2, and 2,3-BPG?

    <p>Bohr effect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the normal range of pH in arterial blood?

    <p>7.35-7.45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the equivalent of 35-45 mmHg in pCO2?

    <p>4.6-6.0 kPa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between pO2 levels in arterial and venous blood?

    <p>pO2 is significantly higher in arterial blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the SI unit of hydrogen ion concentration?

    <p>nmol/L</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common cause of acid-base disorders?

    <p>Dehydration due to uncontrolled vomiting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the acidosis caused by lactic acid buildup?

    <p>Lactic acidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the acidosis caused by the accumulation of ketone bodies?

    <p>Ketoacidosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Low blood pH and low concentration of HCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change in respiratory acidosis?

    <p>Increase in pCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compensatory response to metabolic acidosis?

    <p>Decrease in pCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>High pH and low pCO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary change in metabolic alkalosis?

    <p>High pH and high levels of HCO3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the compensatory response to respiratory alkalosis?

    <p>Decrease in plasma HCO3 levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of acidosis?

    <p>Low blood pH and increase concentration of H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of alkalosis?

    <p>High pH and low concentration of H+</p> Signup and view all the answers

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