Biochemistry LE 2: Mitochondrial Oxidative Phosphorylation/ Electron Transport Chain
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of electron carriers in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

  • To generate ATP
  • To transport pyruvate into the mitochondrial matrix
  • To facilitate the transfer of protons during oxidative phosphorylation (correct)
  • To catalyze the citric acid cycle

    • Where are the citric acid cycle and B-oxidation enzymes located?

  • Inner mitochondrial membrane
  • Mitochondrial matrix (correct)
  • Outer mitochondrial membrane
  • Cytosol

    • What is the byproduct of the citric acid cycle and B-oxidation enzymes?

  • Pyruvate
  • NADH and FADH (correct)
  • ATP
  • Protons

    • Why do enzymes in the mitochondrial matrix not need transporters?

    <p>Protons can enter the respiratory chain directly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of ATP synthase in the inner mitochondrial membrane?

    <p>To synthesize ATP from ADP and Pi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the membrane transporters located?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of pyruvate dehydrogenase?

    <p>To convert pyruvate into acetyl-CoA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ATP yield for every mole of NADH used?

    <p>2.5 moles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the byproduct of the electron transport chain?

    <p>ATP and water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does oxidative phosphorylation occur?

    <p>Inner mitochondrial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of the energy used by cells and body comes from the respiratory chain?

    <p>90%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules of ATP are formed when glucose is completely oxidized to CO2 and H2O?

    <p>30</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of Complex I in the electron transport chain?

    <p>NADH Dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many subunits are present in Complex I?

    <p>45</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of CoQ in Complex I?

    <p>Receiving two protons or electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are the electrons transferred from in Complex I?

    <p>NADH to CoQ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the β-subunits in the F1 subunit?

    <p>To facilitate catalytic activity or phosphorylation of ADP to ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the γ-subunit?

    <p>To transmit rotational motion from the F0 subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of one complete rotation of the γ-subunit?

    <p>Three molecules of ATP are produced</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the α-subunits?

    <p>To undergo conformational changes in response to being attached to the γ-subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the F0 subunit?

    <p>To transmit rotational motion to the F1 subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the central stalk that transmits rotational motion from the F0 subunit?

    <p>Central stalk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the δ and ε subunits?

    <p>To have structural functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the binding change mechanism of the β-subunits?

    <p>Loose binding of ADP and Pi, then tight binding, then open state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Thermogenin in brown adipose tissue?

    <p>To generate body heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of 2,4-Dinitrophenol on ATP synthesis?

    <p>It prevents proton passage through ATP synthase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which inhibitor blocks the flow of protons through the ATP synthase?

    <p>Oligomycin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Complex I inhibitors on ATP synthesis?

    <p>No ATPs are formed for 1 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the adenine nucleotide transporter in mitochondria?

    <p>It transports ADP and ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Carbonyl cyanide m-chlorophenyl hydrazone (CCCP) on oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>It uncouples the proton pump from ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Gramicidin A in the context of oxidative phosphorylation?

    <p>It uncouples the proton pump from ATP synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of Rotenone on Complex I of the electron transport chain?

    <p>It blocks the flow of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of oxidation of protons and availability of oxygen during cellular contraction?

    <p>Increase in respiratory chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the limiting factor in the respiratory chain when most cells are in the resting state?

    <p>Capacity of the respiratory chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to PO2 when the availability of oxygen is limited?

    <p>PO2 decreases below Km for heme a3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzymes are deficient in fatal infantile mitochondrial myopathy and renal dysfunction?

    <p>Oxidoreductase enzymes in Complex I and III</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the cause of MELAS syndrome?

    <p>Mutation in mitochondrial DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of uncoupling protein (UCP-1) in brown adipose tissue?

    <p>Uncouples ATP synthesis from respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of ATP being converted into ADP during cellular work?

    <p>Increased respiration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between oxygen availability and the respiratory chain?

    <p>Oxygen availability limits the respiratory chain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of increased respiratory chain activity during cellular contraction?

    <p>Increased ATP production</p> Signup and view all the answers

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