Oxidative phosphorylation

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What is the location of ATP synthase?

Outer mitochondrial membrane

Mitochondrial matrix

Intermembrane space

Inner mitochondrial membrane (correct)

Which part of ATP synthase contains the catalytic subunits?

F0

Stalk

F1 (correct)

Knob

What drives the rotation of the c-ring in ATP synthase?

H+ passage through F0 (correct)

Protonation of the carboxylic acid

ADP and Pi binding to beta subunits

Rotation of the gamma spindle

What is the role of the gamma spindle in ATP synthase?

Connects F0 to F1 Signup and view all the answers

In which conformational state do ATP and Pi bind to the beta subunit of ATP synthase?

Loose state Signup and view all the answers

What causes the confirmational change in the alpha beta hexamer of ATP synthase?

Clockwise rotation of gamma subunit Signup and view all the answers

Which structure remains embedded in the mitochondrial membrane in ATP synthase?

F0 Signup and view all the answers

How does H+ cause the c-ring in ATP synthase to rotate?

"H+ binds to COO- in the a-half channel, protonates it, and causes rotation" Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gamma subunit in ATP synthesis?

Binds to ADP and Pi tightly to convert them into ATP Signup and view all the answers

How does the ATP synthesis cycle progress from the tight stage?

Goes back to the open stage for ATP release Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are required for each confirmational change in the ATP synthase complex?

3 protons Signup and view all the answers

From which stage of the ATP synthesis cycle does the gamma spindle turn via energy from the proton gradient?

Tight Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced in total from aerobic glucose utilization involving glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

30 ATP Signup and view all the answers

Where does the adenine nucleotide translocase swap ADP and ATP from one side of the membrane to another?

Mitochondrial outer membrane Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the proton motive force has not built up in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP synthesis stops Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an important site of control in oxidative phosphorylation?

Cytochrome C oxidase Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from aerobic glucose utilization involving glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

30 ATP Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are required for each confirmational change in the ATP synthase complex?

3 protons Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gamma subunit in ATP synthesis?

It converts ADP and Pi into ATP very tightly. Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the proton motive force has not built up in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation?

ATP cannot be synthesized. Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an important site of control in oxidative phosphorylation?

Complex 4 (cytochrome C oxidase) Signup and view all the answers

Explain the molecular structure of the F1F0-ATPase and its location within the mitochondria.

The F1F0-ATPase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has a 'Knob and stalk' structure where F1 contains the catalytic subunits and sticks out of the mitochondrial matrix, while F0 has a proton channel and remains embedded in the mitochondrial membrane. Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process by which H+ passage through F0 drives the rotation of the c-ring in the mitochondrial membrane.

When H+ enters from the a-half channel, it protonates the carboxylic acid, causing the c-ring to rotate away until the H+ leaves from the other half of the a-half channel. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the three conformational states of the beta subunit in the ATP synthase complex.

The three conformational states of the beta subunit are open, loose, and tight. In the loose state, ATP and Pi bind to the active site of the beta subunit. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the role of the gamma spindle in connecting F0 to F1 and its importance in ATP synthesis.

The gamma spindle connects F0 to F1 in ATP synthase. It drives the rotation of the c-ring in the membrane, facilitating the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP. Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the alpha beta hexamer in ATP synthase facilitates the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP.

The alpha beta hexamer undergoes a conformational change when the gamma subunit rotates, leading to the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP and water. Signup and view all the answers