Oxidative phosphorylation

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Questions and Answers

What is the location of ATP synthase?

  • Outer mitochondrial membrane
  • Mitochondrial matrix
  • Intermembrane space
  • Inner mitochondrial membrane (correct)

Which part of ATP synthase contains the catalytic subunits?

  • F0
  • Stalk
  • F1 (correct)
  • Knob

What drives the rotation of the c-ring in ATP synthase?

  • H+ passage through F0 (correct)
  • Protonation of the carboxylic acid
  • ADP and Pi binding to beta subunits
  • Rotation of the gamma spindle

What is the role of the gamma spindle in ATP synthase?

<p>Connects F0 to F1 (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which conformational state do ATP and Pi bind to the beta subunit of ATP synthase?

<p>Loose state (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the confirmational change in the alpha beta hexamer of ATP synthase?

<p>Clockwise rotation of gamma subunit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure remains embedded in the mitochondrial membrane in ATP synthase?

<p>F0 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does H+ cause the c-ring in ATP synthase to rotate?

<p>&quot;H+ binds to COO- in the a-half channel, protonates it, and causes rotation&quot; (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gamma subunit in ATP synthesis?

<p>Binds to ADP and Pi tightly to convert them into ATP (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the ATP synthesis cycle progress from the tight stage?

<p>Goes back to the open stage for ATP release (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are required for each confirmational change in the ATP synthase complex?

<p>3 protons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

From which stage of the ATP synthesis cycle does the gamma spindle turn via energy from the proton gradient?

<p>Tight (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many ATP molecules are produced in total from aerobic glucose utilization involving glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

<p>30 ATP (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the adenine nucleotide translocase swap ADP and ATP from one side of the membrane to another?

<p>Mitochondrial outer membrane (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the proton motive force has not built up in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>ATP synthesis stops (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an important site of control in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p><strong>Cytochrome C oxidase</strong> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the total number of ATP molecules produced from aerobic glucose utilization involving glycolysis and the TCA cycle?

<p>30 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many protons are required for each confirmational change in the ATP synthase complex?

<p>3 protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the gamma subunit in ATP synthesis?

<p>It converts ADP and Pi into ATP very tightly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if the proton motive force has not built up in the mitochondria during oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>ATP cannot be synthesized.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which enzyme is an important site of control in oxidative phosphorylation?

<p>Complex 4 (cytochrome C oxidase)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the molecular structure of the F1F0-ATPase and its location within the mitochondria.

<p>The F1F0-ATPase is located in the inner mitochondrial membrane. It has a 'Knob and stalk' structure where F1 contains the catalytic subunits and sticks out of the mitochondrial matrix, while F0 has a proton channel and remains embedded in the mitochondrial membrane.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Describe the process by which H+ passage through F0 drives the rotation of the c-ring in the mitochondrial membrane.

<p>When H+ enters from the a-half channel, it protonates the carboxylic acid, causing the c-ring to rotate away until the H+ leaves from the other half of the a-half channel.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain the significance of the three conformational states of the beta subunit in the ATP synthase complex.

<p>The three conformational states of the beta subunit are open, loose, and tight. In the loose state, ATP and Pi bind to the active site of the beta subunit.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the role of the gamma spindle in connecting F0 to F1 and its importance in ATP synthesis.

<p>The gamma spindle connects F0 to F1 in ATP synthase. It drives the rotation of the c-ring in the membrane, facilitating the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Explain how the alpha beta hexamer in ATP synthase facilitates the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP.

<p>The alpha beta hexamer undergoes a conformational change when the gamma subunit rotates, leading to the conversion of ADP and Pi to ATP and water.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gamma subunit in ATP synthase converts ADP and Pi into ATP by binding to them tightly.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The alpha/beta hexamer turns but the gamma spindle remains stationary during the ATP synthesis cycle.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Each confirmational change in the ATP synthase complex requires 2 protons.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

More ATP is produced from glycolysis than from oxidative phosphorylation.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ATP synthesis is tightly controlled and linked to the production of NADH from electron transport chain.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

ATP synthase is also known as F1F0-ATPase.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The F1 portion of ATP synthase contains the proton channel.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The c-ring in ATP synthase rotates clockwise when H+ enters from the a-half channel.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The gamma spindle connects the F0 portion to the F1 portion in ATP synthase.

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

There are 4 confirmational states of the beta subunits in ATP synthase during the conversion of ADP to ATP.

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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