Biochemistry LE 2: Oxidation of Hexoses
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Questions and Answers

Where does glycolysis take place?

  • Nucleus
  • Cytosol (correct)
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum
  • Mitochondria
  • What is the substrate in the glycolytic pathway?

  • Glucose (correct)
  • Glycogen
  • Fructose
  • Pyruvate
  • What is the enzyme involved in the first step of glycolysis?

  • Pyruvate kinase
  • Phosphoglycerate kinase
  • Hexokinase / Glucokinase (correct)
  • Phosphofructokinase-1
  • What is the rate-limiting step in glycolysis?

    <p>Step 3: Phosphorylation of F6P</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many substrate-level phosphorylation reactions occur in glycolysis?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ATP molecules are produced in the glycolytic pathway?

    <p>2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the final step of glycolysis?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the timing of glycolysis in the fed state?

    <p>Fed state</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the isomerization of dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)?

    <p>2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the oxidation of 2 molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P)?

    <p>2 molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG) and 2 NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the cysteine residue in the enzyme glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase?

    <p>To form a high-energy thioester bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the oxidation of the aldehyde group of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P)?

    <p>Formation of an enzyme-bound carboxyl group</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of NAD+ in the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P)?

    <p>To transfer electrons to form NADH</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for the oxidation of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P)?

    <p>Glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many molecules of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P) are required to produce 2 molecules of 1,3-bisphosphoglycerate (1,3 BPG)?

    <p>2 molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the isomerization of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate (GA3P)?

    <p>Dihydroxyacetone phosphate (DHAP)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the substrate-level phosphorylation of PEP to Pyruvate?

    <p>Pyruvate Kinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction produces a high-energy phosphate bond?

    <p>Step 6: Oxidation of GA3P to 1,3BPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of a deficiency of Pyruvate Kinase?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step is an example of substrate-level phosphorylation?

    <p>Step 10: Phosphorylation of PEP to Pyruvate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for the oxidation of Hexoses?

    <p>Hexokinase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step utilizes ATP to ADP?

    <p>Step 1 and 3</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which reaction is reversible?

    <p>Step 9: Dehydration of 2-PG to PEP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step produces NADH?

    <p>Step 6: Oxidation of GA3P to 1,3BPG</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the malate-aspartate shuttle occur?

    <p>Liver and heart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ATP equivalence of 1 FADH2?

    <p>1.5 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of the glycerophosphate shuttle?

    <p>2 FADH2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in Essential Fructosuria?

    <p>Fructokinase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the glycerophosphate shuttle occur?

    <p>Brain and skeletal muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the ATP equivalence of 1 NADH?

    <p>2.5 ATP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defect in Hereditary Fructose Intolerance?

    <p>Fructose 1,6-BP cleavage by aldolase B deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme deficiency that leads to Hemolytic Anemia?

    <p>Pyruvate kinase deficiency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the product of hexokinase acting on galactose?

    <p>Mannose 6-Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the end product of glycolysis in the absence of oxygen?

    <p>Lactate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which GLUT transporter is insulin-dependent?

    <p>GLUT IV</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which step in glycolysis has an irreversible reaction?

    <p>Step 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a product of glycolysis?

    <p>H2O</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the rate-limiting enzyme of glycolysis?

    <p>Phosphofructokinase-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to Mannose 6-Phosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>It is converted to Fructose 6-Phosphate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the next step after Fructose 6-Phosphate in glycolysis?

    <p>Fructose 6-Phosphate enters glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

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