Podcast
Questions and Answers
What are the four families of biochemicals?
What are the four families of biochemicals?
Why are biochemicals often called macromolecules?
Why are biochemicals often called macromolecules?
Because these compounds in these groups are assembled from smaller molecular subunits, or building blocks and because they are often very large compounds.
What is the simple sugar containing from 3 to 7 carbons?
What is the simple sugar containing from 3 to 7 carbons?
Monosaccharide
What is a combination of two monosaccharides called?
What is a combination of two monosaccharides called?
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What is a polymer of five or more monosaccharides?
What is a polymer of five or more monosaccharides?
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What suffix do all mono and disaccharides have?
What suffix do all mono and disaccharides have?
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How are carbohydrate bonds formed?
How are carbohydrate bonds formed?
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What are the main groups of compounds classified as lipids?
What are the main groups of compounds classified as lipids?
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What major structural component do phospholipids compose in cells?
What major structural component do phospholipids compose in cells?
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What function does cholesterol serve in animal cells?
What function does cholesterol serve in animal cells?
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What are the building blocks of proteins?
What are the building blocks of proteins?
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How many different naturally occurring forms of amino acids exist in nature?
How many different naturally occurring forms of amino acids exist in nature?
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What is a molecule composed of short chains of amino acids called?
What is a molecule composed of short chains of amino acids called?
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What is a molecule that contains an unspecified number of amino acids but usually has more than 20?
What is a molecule that contains an unspecified number of amino acids but usually has more than 20?
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What defines organic molecules made of amino acids?
What defines organic molecules made of amino acids?
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What are the four levels of protein structure?
What are the four levels of protein structure?
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At which level do α-helices and β-pleated sheets form?
At which level do α-helices and β-pleated sheets form?
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What happens when a protein is denatured?
What happens when a protein is denatured?
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Study Notes
Biochemical Families
- Four primary families of biochemicals: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules
- Biochemicals are often termed macromolecules due to their large size and structure, formed from smaller molecular subunits.
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides combined.
- Polysaccharides are polymers that contain five or more monosaccharides.
- All mono- and disaccharides end with the suffix "saccharide."
Carbohydrate Bonds
- Glycosidic bonds form carbohydrates by linking carbon atoms on adjacent sugar units via oxygen, with one sugar releasing an OH group while the other loses an H from its OH.
Lipids
- Main groups of lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
- Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate group and two hydrophobic fatty acids, forming lipid bilayers with selective permeability.
Cholesterol
- Cholesterol is crucial for reinforcing the structure of cell membranes in animal cells.
Proteins
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, with 20 naturally occurring forms.
- Peptide bonds consist of molecules made from short chains of amino acids like dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides.
- Polypeptide bonds are formed from a larger number of amino acids, typically more than 20.
Protein Structure
- Proteins have four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
- Secondary structure features the formation of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.
Protein Denaturation
- Denaturation results in the loss of a protein's 3D shape and function, disrupting peptide bonds and causing unfolding in the polypeptide chain.
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Description
Explore the four primary biochemical families: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz covers the structure and function of macromolecules, including details about glycosidic bonds and lipid types. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in biochemistry.
