Questions and Answers
What are the four families of biochemicals?
Why are biochemicals often called macromolecules?
Because these compounds in these groups are assembled from smaller molecular subunits, or building blocks and because they are often very large compounds.
What is the simple sugar containing from 3 to 7 carbons?
Monosaccharide
What is a combination of two monosaccharides called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a polymer of five or more monosaccharides?
Signup and view all the answers
What suffix do all mono and disaccharides have?
Signup and view all the answers
How are carbohydrate bonds formed?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the main groups of compounds classified as lipids?
Signup and view all the answers
What major structural component do phospholipids compose in cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What function does cholesterol serve in animal cells?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the building blocks of proteins?
Signup and view all the answers
How many different naturally occurring forms of amino acids exist in nature?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a molecule composed of short chains of amino acids called?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a molecule that contains an unspecified number of amino acids but usually has more than 20?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines organic molecules made of amino acids?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Signup and view all the answers
At which level do α-helices and β-pleated sheets form?
Signup and view all the answers
What happens when a protein is denatured?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Biochemical Families
- Four primary families of biochemicals: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids.
Macromolecules
- Biochemicals are often termed macromolecules due to their large size and structure, formed from smaller molecular subunits.
Carbohydrates
- Monosaccharides are simple sugars containing 3 to 7 carbon atoms.
- Disaccharides consist of two monosaccharides combined.
- Polysaccharides are polymers that contain five or more monosaccharides.
- All mono- and disaccharides end with the suffix "saccharide."
Carbohydrate Bonds
- Glycosidic bonds form carbohydrates by linking carbon atoms on adjacent sugar units via oxygen, with one sugar releasing an OH group while the other loses an H from its OH.
Lipids
- Main groups of lipids include triglycerides, phospholipids, steroids, and waxes.
- Phospholipids have a hydrophilic phosphate group and two hydrophobic fatty acids, forming lipid bilayers with selective permeability.
Cholesterol
- Cholesterol is crucial for reinforcing the structure of cell membranes in animal cells.
Proteins
- Amino acids are the building blocks of proteins, with 20 naturally occurring forms.
- Peptide bonds consist of molecules made from short chains of amino acids like dipeptides, tripeptides, and tetrapeptides.
- Polypeptide bonds are formed from a larger number of amino acids, typically more than 20.
Protein Structure
- Proteins have four structural levels: primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary.
- Secondary structure features the formation of alpha helices and beta-pleated sheets.
Protein Denaturation
- Denaturation results in the loss of a protein's 3D shape and function, disrupting peptide bonds and causing unfolding in the polypeptide chain.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
Explore the four primary biochemical families: carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids. This quiz covers the structure and function of macromolecules, including details about glycosidic bonds and lipid types. Test your knowledge on these fundamental concepts in biochemistry.
