Questions and Answers
The synthesis of DNA, in which small nucleotides are joined together to make a single large molecule would be most correctly described as being a/n ________ reaction.
anabolic
Oxidation is defined as the ________ while reduction is the ________.
loss of electrons, gain of electrons
Photoautotrophs obtain energy from:
Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:
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Animals (humans for example) are:
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Degradation reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules are referred to as:
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Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain the energy they need from:
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Enzymes work by:
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An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme's ______ site.
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A holoenzyme can consist of:
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Which statement is true about enzymes?
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Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitor:
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Sulfa drugs bind to the active site of the enzyme which normally converts para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid, preventing the production of folic acid and, eventually purine synthesis. In this case, the sulfa drug is acting as a/an:
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Factors that affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions include:
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Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true?
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How does concentration affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
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Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
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Study Notes
Biochemical Reactions
- DNA synthesis involves joining small nucleotides to form large molecules, classified as anabolic reactions.
- Oxidation and reduction describe loss and gain of electrons, respectively, with oxidation defined as loss of electrons and reduction defined as gain of electrons.
Types of Organisms
- Photoautotrophs derive energy from light and utilize carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
- Heterotrophs acquire carbon from other organisms, contrasting with autotrophs that synthesize their own carbon.
Human Metabolism
- Humans are categorized as chemoheterotrophs, indicating they rely on both organic molecules for energy and carbon.
Metabolic Reactions
- Catabolism refers to degradation reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones.
- Chemoautotrophic bacteria fulfill their energy needs via chemical reactions involving inorganic substances.
Enzyme Functionality
- Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering activation energy, allowing biochemical processes to occur more efficiently.
- An enzyme-substrate complex forms when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme.
Enzyme Composition
- Holoenzymes consist of an apoenzyme in combination with a cofactor or coenzyme, resulting in a functional enzyme.
Enzyme Inhibition
- Competitive inhibition occurs when inhibitors bind to an enzyme's active site.
- Sulfa drugs serve as competitive inhibitors, preventing the conversion of PABA to folic acid, affecting purine synthesis.
- Factors influencing enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates include temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration.
Enzyme Activity Insights
- Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to sites other than the active site, affecting enzyme efficiency.
- The concentration of substrates and products helps regulate metabolic reactions, and at equilibrium, the concentration of reactants remains stable.
Metabolism Misconceptions
- Alcohol is associated with fermentation, and pyruvate is a product of glycolysis, but carbon dioxide does not arise from glycolysis.
- Cytochrome and similar carriers transport hydrogen atoms or electrons during oxidative reactions.
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Description
This quiz explores key concepts of biochemical reactions, types of organisms, and human metabolism. It covers anabolic and catabolic pathways, types of autotrophs and heterotrophs, and the role of enzymes in metabolic processes. Test your understanding of how these biological mechanisms interact and function.
