Biochemical Reactions and Organisms
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Questions and Answers

The synthesis of DNA, in which small nucleotides are joined together to make a single large molecule would be most correctly described as being a/n ________ reaction.

anabolic

Oxidation is defined as the ________ while reduction is the ________.

loss of electrons, gain of electrons

Photoautotrophs obtain energy from:

  • organic molecules and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source
  • light and use organic substances as a carbon source
  • inorganic substances and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source
  • light and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source (correct)
  • Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:

    <p>heterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Animals (humans for example) are:

    <p>chemoheterotrophs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Degradation reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules are referred to as:

    <p>catabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain the energy they need from:

    <p>chemical reactions in their cytoplasm centered around the use of inorganic substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Enzymes work by:

    <p>decreasing the activation energy of the reaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme's ______ site.

    <p>active</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A holoenzyme can consist of:

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true about enzymes?

    <p>Coenzymes are organic molecules while cofactors are inorganic molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitor:

    <p>binds to the active site of the enzyme</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sulfa drugs bind to the active site of the enzyme which normally converts para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid, preventing the production of folic acid and, eventually purine synthesis. In this case, the sulfa drug is acting as a/an:

    <p>competitive inhibitor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Factors that affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions include:

    <p>all of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true?

    <p>Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to a site other than the active site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does concentration affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions?

    <p>At chemical equilibrium, no net change in the concentration of the product or substrate occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?

    <p>Carbon dioxide - Glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Biochemical Reactions

    • DNA synthesis involves joining small nucleotides to form large molecules, classified as anabolic reactions.
    • Oxidation and reduction describe loss and gain of electrons, respectively, with oxidation defined as loss of electrons and reduction defined as gain of electrons.

    Types of Organisms

    • Photoautotrophs derive energy from light and utilize carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
    • Heterotrophs acquire carbon from other organisms, contrasting with autotrophs that synthesize their own carbon.

    Human Metabolism

    • Humans are categorized as chemoheterotrophs, indicating they rely on both organic molecules for energy and carbon.

    Metabolic Reactions

    • Catabolism refers to degradation reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones.
    • Chemoautotrophic bacteria fulfill their energy needs via chemical reactions involving inorganic substances.

    Enzyme Functionality

    • Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering activation energy, allowing biochemical processes to occur more efficiently.
    • An enzyme-substrate complex forms when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme.

    Enzyme Composition

    • Holoenzymes consist of an apoenzyme in combination with a cofactor or coenzyme, resulting in a functional enzyme.

    Enzyme Inhibition

    • Competitive inhibition occurs when inhibitors bind to an enzyme's active site.
    • Sulfa drugs serve as competitive inhibitors, preventing the conversion of PABA to folic acid, affecting purine synthesis.
    • Factors influencing enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates include temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration.

    Enzyme Activity Insights

    • Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to sites other than the active site, affecting enzyme efficiency.
    • The concentration of substrates and products helps regulate metabolic reactions, and at equilibrium, the concentration of reactants remains stable.

    Metabolism Misconceptions

    • Alcohol is associated with fermentation, and pyruvate is a product of glycolysis, but carbon dioxide does not arise from glycolysis.
    • Cytochrome and similar carriers transport hydrogen atoms or electrons during oxidative reactions.

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    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts of biochemical reactions, types of organisms, and human metabolism. It covers anabolic and catabolic pathways, types of autotrophs and heterotrophs, and the role of enzymes in metabolic processes. Test your understanding of how these biological mechanisms interact and function.

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