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Questions and Answers
The synthesis of DNA, in which small nucleotides are joined together to make a single large molecule would be most correctly described as being a/n ________ reaction.
The synthesis of DNA, in which small nucleotides are joined together to make a single large molecule would be most correctly described as being a/n ________ reaction.
anabolic
Oxidation is defined as the ________ while reduction is the ________.
Oxidation is defined as the ________ while reduction is the ________.
loss of electrons, gain of electrons
Photoautotrophs obtain energy from:
Photoautotrophs obtain energy from:
- organic molecules and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source
- light and use organic substances as a carbon source
- inorganic substances and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source
- light and use carbon dioxide as a carbon source (correct)
Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:
Organisms which get their carbon from other organisms are:
Animals (humans for example) are:
Animals (humans for example) are:
Degradation reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules are referred to as:
Degradation reactions where large molecules are broken down into smaller molecules are referred to as:
Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain the energy they need from:
Chemoautotrophic bacteria obtain the energy they need from:
Enzymes work by:
Enzymes work by:
An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme's ______ site.
An enzyme-substrate complex forms when substrate binds to an enzyme at the enzyme's ______ site.
A holoenzyme can consist of:
A holoenzyme can consist of:
Which statement is true about enzymes?
Which statement is true about enzymes?
Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitor:
Competitive inhibition of enzymes occurs when the inhibitor:
Sulfa drugs bind to the active site of the enzyme which normally converts para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid, preventing the production of folic acid and, eventually purine synthesis. In this case, the sulfa drug is acting as a/an:
Sulfa drugs bind to the active site of the enzyme which normally converts para-amino benzoic acid (PABA) to folic acid, preventing the production of folic acid and, eventually purine synthesis. In this case, the sulfa drug is acting as a/an:
Factors that affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions include:
Factors that affect the rate of enzyme-catalyzed reactions include:
Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true?
Which of the following statements about enzyme inhibition is true?
How does concentration affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
How does concentration affect enzyme-catalyzed reactions?
Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
Which one of the following pairs is mismatched?
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Study Notes
Biochemical Reactions
- DNA synthesis involves joining small nucleotides to form large molecules, classified as anabolic reactions.
- Oxidation and reduction describe loss and gain of electrons, respectively, with oxidation defined as loss of electrons and reduction defined as gain of electrons.
Types of Organisms
- Photoautotrophs derive energy from light and utilize carbon dioxide as their carbon source.
- Heterotrophs acquire carbon from other organisms, contrasting with autotrophs that synthesize their own carbon.
Human Metabolism
- Humans are categorized as chemoheterotrophs, indicating they rely on both organic molecules for energy and carbon.
Metabolic Reactions
- Catabolism refers to degradation reactions that break down large molecules into smaller ones.
- Chemoautotrophic bacteria fulfill their energy needs via chemical reactions involving inorganic substances.
Enzyme Functionality
- Enzymes facilitate reactions by lowering activation energy, allowing biochemical processes to occur more efficiently.
- An enzyme-substrate complex forms when a substrate binds to the active site of an enzyme.
Enzyme Composition
- Holoenzymes consist of an apoenzyme in combination with a cofactor or coenzyme, resulting in a functional enzyme.
Enzyme Inhibition
- Competitive inhibition occurs when inhibitors bind to an enzyme's active site.
- Sulfa drugs serve as competitive inhibitors, preventing the conversion of PABA to folic acid, affecting purine synthesis.
- Factors influencing enzyme-catalyzed reaction rates include temperature, pH, and enzyme concentration.
Enzyme Activity Insights
- Noncompetitive inhibitors bind to sites other than the active site, affecting enzyme efficiency.
- The concentration of substrates and products helps regulate metabolic reactions, and at equilibrium, the concentration of reactants remains stable.
Metabolism Misconceptions
- Alcohol is associated with fermentation, and pyruvate is a product of glycolysis, but carbon dioxide does not arise from glycolysis.
- Cytochrome and similar carriers transport hydrogen atoms or electrons during oxidative reactions.
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